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THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
INCLUDING
ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.
(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’)
CONDUCTED BY
ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.B.S., WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S.,
AND
WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.L.S.
weer
VOL. XIV.—SEVENTH SERIES.
~=_<_——-—- rrr rrrrEOOOOElOlElel oO
LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS.
SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT, AND CO., LD. ; BAILLIERE, PARIS: HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN : AND ASHER, BERLIN,
1904.
“Omnes res creatze sunt divine sapientie et potentiz testes, divitiz felicitatis humane :—ex harum usu onitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ; ex ceconomid in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper zstimata ; a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—Linnavs. :
“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.’—Bruoxner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden, 1767.
oie ee se ee ew Lhe sylvan:powers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818,
ALERE & FLAMMAM.
565.472 Pian a
CONTENTS OF VOL, XIV.
[SEVENTH SERIES.]
NUMBER LXXIX. Page I. Natural History Notes from H.M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer ‘Investigator, Commander T. H. Heming, R.N.—Series III., No. 1. On Mollusca from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian
Sea. By Enoar A. Smiru, LS.0........ cece cece eee e eens 1 Il. Descriptions of Two new Elapine Snakes from the Congo.
By G. A. BoutmnceEr, FLRS. . 11sec ee eee eee eee Beer cree t 4 III. Descriptions of new West-African Freshwater Fishes. By
G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S. oe cece ee eee eee eee ener cen nees 16
IV. Descriptions and Records of Bees. By T.D. A. CockERELL. 21 V. On the Coleopterous Group “ Heptaphyllini” of De Borre.
By Grrpert J. ARROW, F.ES. ... cee eee ee eee eee nee eens 30 VIL. New Sciurus, Rhipidomys, Sylvilagus, and Caluromys from
Venezuela. By OLDFIBLD THOMAS ....... esse eres e reste eens 33 VIL. On the Fishes taken by the ‘Oceana’ By E. W. L. Horr
Sed Ps MES MRIG ES ae ool. y chat sree + leo) siatalales ove vi cltield salels Racine w eee 37 VIII. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of New Zealand
Coleoptera. By Capt. T. Broun, FES. 2.0... ++ cess e rere sees 41 IX. Description of a new Species of the Neuropterous Family
Nemopteride. By W. F. Kirsy, F.LS., LAD ASA eee eee. ron e 59 X. Rhynchotal Notes—XXIV. By W. L. Distant.......... 61 XI. A new Family of Crustacea Isopoda. By GEoRGE M.
Tomson, F.L.S. (Plate 1.) ..... ee cece cece tence een ee eeaes 66
XII. Origin and Fate of the Body-cavities and the Nephridia of the Actinotrocha. By R. P. Cowes, Ph.D., Adam T. Bruce Fellow in Zoology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Mens ctw eid eane: 69
New Books:—Monograph of the Coccide of the British Isles. By Rosert Newstead, Curator of the Grosvenor Museum, Sea 0 Ga ee ie ey Bien rene race er ore PAAR ies
Proceedings of the Geological Society... ...-+++eseeeee errr ee ees 79 Note on Hinulia pardalis of Macleay, by G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S. .. 80
190 54S
«
iv CONTENTS.
NUMBER LXXxX. Page XIII. On some Echinothurids from Japan and the Indian Ocean.
By Dr. Ta. MortEnsEN, Copenhagen, (Plates II-V.) .......... 81 XIV. On a Collection of Mammals obtained in Somaliland by Major H. N. Dunn, R.A.M.C., with Descriptions of Allied Species from other Localities. By OLpFrELD Tuomas, F.R.S. .......... 94 XV. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of New Zealand Coleoptera. “By'Capt. T. Broun, PMNS. .c.25 < oo w aeece ne gee 105 XVI. Descriptions of Three new Marine Fishes from South Africa. ‘By €. Tare Rucan, BA... sead nce oe EL Gece eee 128 XVII. On the Affinities of the Genus Draconetta, with Descrip- tion of a new Species. By C. Tare Ree@an, B.A. .............- 150 XVII. New Species of Indo-Australian and African Heterocera. By Col. Cartes Swinnok, MLA., F.LS., &e... 0.6.0.0... ede 131 XIX. On the Sand-Viper of Roumania (Vipera ammodytes, var. Montandoni). By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S..........00 02 eee 134 XX. On a new Cyprinodontid Fish from Egypt. By G. A. MOULENGER, PRS ate bie lee tes se Gme ue Seip ese = 135
XXI. On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others. By G.hewis, F.L8)) (Plate Vil). > 2ok8 te i hcoesat, bs atone 137
XXII. A Revised Synopsis of the Tsetse-Flies (Genus Glossina, Wied.), with Notes on Glossina tachinoides, Westwood. By ERNEst ANUSEON |. ons sa pete cutis Sep anes Ce EAR eee eee 151
XXIII. Description of a new Fish of the Genus Alestes from ately G.A, Bouman, PRS 3 oe eeas oct pk oe ees 155
XXIV. On some small Mammals collected by Mr. A. M. Mac- killigin in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. By OLprrmrp THomas .. 155
XXV. On a new Species of Amastra from the Hawaiian Islands, By EH. Th. Seas, BA. ics vhs Uuees coe ees kau cea eee 159
New Books :—Index Faunze Nove Zealandie, Edited by Capt. F. W. Hotton, F.R.S.—A Manual of Palearctic Birds. By H. E. Deessen, FUL:8;, F.Z.5,, doo, ‘ Part Phos fo.ciat 160, 161
On the Ossiferous Cave-deposits of Cyprus, by Dorothy M. A. Bate ; Further Note on the Remains of Elephas cypriotes, Bate, from a Oaye-deposit in Cyprus, by Dorothy M. A. Bate ...... 162, 163
NUMBER LXXXI.
XXVI. The Lepidoptera-Phalene of the Bahamas. By Sir GronGce Ff. Haweson, Bart. PZS. ie. ois othe ees oe 165
XXVIII. New Callithriz, Midas, Felis, Rhipidomys, and Proechimys from Brazil and Ecuador. By OLDFIELD THOMAS ,............. 188
— ee err”
CONTENTS. Vv
Page
XXVIII. New Bats and Rodents from West Africa, the Malay
Peninsula, and Papuasia. By OLpFIELD THoMAs .............. 196 -XXIX. New and little-known Bees in the Collection of the British Museum; - By E210 A COCK MRELE 10002 2000s elves cdseean) 208 XXX. The Halictine Bees of the Australian Region, By T. D.A. QC ENETS, Fn da ta nome Rae ee eee ee Laat rd eae eet 208 XXXI. On Munidopsis polymorpha, Koelhel, a Cave-dwelling Marine Crustacean from the Canary Islands. By W.T, Catan, DSCREN ae ties Moe tite Baas eaters Beets arn ected neha 213
XXXII. Barbus eutenia and B. holotenia, new Names for Barbus Kessler, Giinther nec Steindachner. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S. 218
XXXII. Rhynchotal Notes—XXV. By W. L. Distranr...... 219 XXXIV. On new Species of Rhopalocera from Sierra Leone. By Gores T. Betoune-Baker, F.LS., F.Z.S.0 060i cece eee 222 XXXYV. On Three new Species of Arhopala. By Groree T. Borer ae Bs Avert eB A225 usa s giao ste eguts'ay ev scents Serae eo 233 XXXVI, On Shrews from British East Africa. By OtpFirip EOMAG arte aie fee, ca sta cistern vine ON go Satna tee eee phe WG ET 236
New Books :—A Natural History of the British Lepidoptera. A Textbook for Students and Collectors, By J. W. Turt, F.E.S. Vol. IV.—The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. Edited by W. T. Buanrorp. Rhynchota, Vol. Il. (Heteroptera). By W.L. Disrant., 241, 242
Proceedings of the Geolopical: Society. co 62.3 )u.c55 0. Av aie oe cs. 242
NUMBER LXXXII,
XXXVII. Observations on Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide, with Descriptions of new Species. By Cuas. O. WATERHOUSE, ES
cid PORE ANG O.6 DEO DOE 6 COUR OD DE Paces Sule Ce 245
XXXVIII. Description of and Reflections upon a new Species of Apodous Amphibian from India. By A. Axcocx, M.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Superintendent of the Indian Museum and Professor of Zoology in the Medical College of Bengal. (Plate VIL.)........., 267
XXXIX. Description of a new Coleopterous Insect from Bounty Island. By Capt. THos. Broun, F.E.S. With Note by J. J. Pe aba Fes BBE EGE a uae eo eusP rac cuathcereis Roerwite owe haere Ce ta we 273
ai
XL. Miphargus Kochianus, Bate, in an Irish Lake and N. sub- terraneus, Leach, in Kent. By W. F. pE Vismes Kang, M.R.I.A. CPiite: Vi) it ods iis vas Ohh citalsGudy dpi sh patra ee eh. iitoks Saal oe 274
XLI. On some new Species of Silver-Pheasants from Burma. By ENG GIEN RN OBITS UE YA tte cox att coeds Sis acs Ae NPN RRe corde 283
XLII. Footprints of small Fossil Reptiles from the Karroo Rocks oruspe Colony. By Hi. G. Sretuy, FROG. i utes ces 287
vi CONTENTS.
Page XLUI. On a new Type of Reptilian Tooth (Ptychocynodon) from the Upper Karroo Beds near Burghersdorp, Cape Colony. By H. SS ree ARS... os. «aie am pees oe ae aia we Dae A EE 290
XLIV. Rhynchotal Notes—XXVI. By W. L. Disrant ...... 293
New Books :—Fasciculi Malayensis: Zoology. Part II.—Catalogus Mammalium, tam Viventium quam Fossilium. By EK. L. Trov- ESSART. Quinquennale Supplementum, Fasciculus i.—Inter- national Catalogue of Scientific Literature. R. Bacteriology.— The Old Riddle and the Newest Answer. By JoHn GrRarp, 8.J., F.L.8S.—Forest Conditions of the San Francisco Mountains Forest Reserve, Arizona. By J. E. Lererre, Tu. F. Rrxon, and A. DopwELi. With Introduction by F. G. PLumMEr. Series H, no. 7.—Forest Conditions in the Black Mesa Forest Reserve, Arizona. Prepared by F. G. PLummer from Notes by Tu. F. Rrxon and A. Dopwe tu. Series H, no. 8.—The Geology and Ore-deposits of the Bisbee Quadrangle, Arizona. By Freperick Lesire RANSOME..........000ee05 00 304—808
Proceedings of the Geological Society ..o; .4\.4+5. Lewenres eee epee 809
On the Mineralogical Structure of the Porcellanous Foraminifera, by Frederick Chapman ; The Limacodid Lepidoptera and their Dipterous Parasites, Bombylides of the Genus Systropus: Parallel Adaptation of Host and Parasite to the same Conditions of Existence, by J. Kiinckel d’Herculais................0+65 310
NUMBER LXXXIII.
XLV. The Cape Colony Quaggas. By R. I. Pocock, Superin- tendent of the Zoological Society’s Gardens, late Assistant in the Zoological Department of the British Museum. (Plates IX. & X.) . 318
XLVI. Rhynchotal Notes—-XXVII. By W.L. Distant .... 829
XLVII. On a Pneumatic Type of Vertebra from the Lower Karroo Rocks of Cape Colony (Yamboeria Maraisi). By H. G. Senay: WS pic hs sees ae edt 5.5 bo bee peak oe chanson 336
XLVIII. Observations on Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide, with Descriptions of new Species. By CHas. O. WATERHOUSE, F.E.S. Sans Lacs sabe SERS ae eae ak eee oe 344
2.0 o<s ©» © Sie ble) ole (8 0
XLIX. Notes on the smaller Genera of the Tabanine of the Family Tabanide in the British Museum Collection. By GerrruDE
RIGARDO |...” ono cde neh eee shee Ona eines agile Mees Cee 349 L. On some Coccide in the Collection of the British Museum. By HSKENES? GREEN, BCHIS. cea. seats sh ome hn cece 373
Ll. Five new Rhinolophi from Africa. By Knup ANDERSEN ., 378
New Bovk :—Smithsonian Institution: United States National Museum. Special Bulletin. American Hydroids. Part IL. The Sertularide. By CuarLes CLEVELAND Nutrine, Pro- fessor of Zoology, University of Towa 2... i... .sescee cee eee 388
CONTENTS. Vil
NUMBER LXXXIV. Page LII. Jurassic Brachiopoda. By 8. 8. Buckman, F.G.S......... 389
LIII. On some Mammals from British New Guinea presented to the National Museum by Mr. C. A. W. Monckton, with Descriptions of other Species from the same Region, By Oxprienp THomas .. 397
LIV. Notes and Observations on the Distribution of the Larvee of
Marine Animals. By J. Stantey GarpinER, M.A. ............ 403 LV. The Butterflies of the Group Callidryades and their Seasonal
Phases, By AntHur G. Buttzr, Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &. .... 410 LVI. Description of anew Lizard from Western Australia. By
GA. Bovnmncae, 2H.S..- (Plate AL ole? sleek. abe ees 414 LVII. Descriptions of Two new Cyprinid Fishes from Yunnan Fu.
By ©. Este REGAN, BiB os onc wot enc ne Cnet ea meleeg wala coin els 416 LVIII. On some new Butterflies and Moths from the East, By
Cetonel €. Swanson, OF A., BLS: Geta geteeik a deen ee eee 417 LIX. Rhynchotal Notes—XXVIII. By W. L. Disrant ...... 425
LX. British Isopoda of the Families Agid@, Cirolanide, Idoteide, and Arcturide. By Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., BAe geen (Plates SUG REE). epee ee os yew Week vere ue. 430
LXI. British Land Isopoda.—Second Supplement. By Canon ACM, Nossean and Professor G@. 5; BRADY <0... ee cee ease 449
LXI. On von Heuglin’s, Riippell’s, and Sundevall’s Types of African Rhinolophi. By Knup ANDERSEN
Fie © Oe 6 eee 6 eLe Cae 6m
LXIII. On a new Pycnogonid from the South Polar Regions, By T. V. Hopeson, Biologist to the National Antarctic Expedition. CE OEE ete e scans Meine CaS Ce TE a hak vou hie ¥, emperor 458
PLATES IN VOL. XIV.
PraTE I, Holognathus Stewarti. MIE 11g; : ; v. ¢ Echinothurids from Japan and the Indian Ocean. v., VI. New species of Histeride. VU. Herpele Fulleri. VII. Niphargus Kochianus and N. fontanus.
a Cape Colony Quaggas. XI. Amphibolurus Websteri.
soz British Isopoda. XIII.
XIV. Pentanymphon antarcticum.
ERRATA.
Page 82, line 5, for Owsten read Owston, Pages 82, 85, 86, 92, 93, and Plate V., for Owstent read Owstont.
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
[SEVENTH SERIES.]
arrestee sles ciee Mester per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, divee, replete canistrum. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”
N. Parthenii Giannettusi, Gel. 1.
No. 79. JULY 1904.
].—Natural History Notes from H.M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer ‘ Investigator, Commander T, H. Heming, R.N.— Series III., No. 1. On Mollusca from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. By Envear A. Suitu, 1.8.0.
[Concluded from vol. xiii. p. 473. ]
Capulus lissus, Smith. Capulus lissus, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1894, vol. xiv. p. 166, pl. iv. figs. 4-6.
Hab. Stations 233, 236, 237, and 240, off Andamans, 90-= 303 fath.; off Travancore coast, 360 fath.
Very frequently young specimens are found adhering to older examples. The shape is variable and the outline of the aperture often very irregular, the irregularity being occasioned by the different surfaces to which the specimens have been attached. 'The general cap-shaped form is, how- ever, persistent.
Capulus fragilis, sp. n.
Testa tenuis, depresse pileiformis, pellucido-albida, periostraco tenui flavescente induta, lineis incrementi tenuissimis sculpta, intus
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xiv. 1
2 Mr. E. A. Smith on Mollusca from the
alba, postice infra apicem septo arcuato latiusculo instructa ; apex terminalis, parvus, acute unciformis, valde recurvus, extra marginem productus ; apertura ovata.
Longit. 13 mm., diam. 103, alt. 4.
Hab. Laccadive Sea, 105 fath.; Bay of Bengal, 410 fath.
Remarkable for the depressed cap-like form, the slimness of the shell, and the internal septum, as in the genus Septaria. The protoconch has merely the appearance of a curved hook.
Delphinula laciniata, Lamarck, var.
Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath. Three small specimens agreeing closely with the variety named D. aculeata by Reeve.
Liotia crenata, Kiener. Liotia crenata, Pilsbry, Man. Conch. vol. x. p. 111, pl. xxxvi. figs. 12, 13. Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath. (‘ Investigator ”) ; Philippines (Cuming).
Thalotia maldivensis, Smith, var.
Thalotia maldivensis, Smith, Gardiner’s ‘ Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, vol. ii. pt. 2, p, 617, pl. xxxy. figs. 25, 26.
Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath.
Differing from the typical form in having rather coarser granulation and the second row of granules below the suture are conspicuously larger. In one example the two adjacent series of granules at the periphery, which wind up the spire, are conspicuously spotted with pink, and large blotches of a dark olive-green upon the middle of the whorls at intervals occur under one another, thus forming three interrupted stripes which descend from the apex to the angle of the body- whorl. The granules upon the base are small, closely packed, and mostly white with pink dots between them. Another variety is almost entirely yellow, but some obscure white spots occur upon the periphery and the lower surface.
Bathybembix Wood-Muason, Smith.
Bathybembia Wood-Masoni, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1895, vol. xvi. p. 7, pl. i. fig. 11.
Hab. Station 233, off Andaman Islands, 185 fath.
Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. 8
Solariella infundibulum (Watson). Solariella infundibulum, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1894, vol. xiv. p. 367, Hab. Same as preceding species. Agreeing in all respects with the Gulf of Manaar speci- mens previously recorded.
Solariella oxycona, Smith.
Solariella oxycona, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, vol. iv. p. 248; Tllust. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ pl. xii. figs. 6-6 6.
Hab. Off Andaman Islands, in 490 fath.
Ethalia striolata, A. Adams.
Umbonium (Ethalia) striolatum, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1853, p. 189.
Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath. (‘ Investigator’) ; Borneo (d. Ad.).
Flatter and more sharply angled at the periphery than E. guamensis, with less convex whorls and a different um- bilical callus, also much more distinctly spirally striated. It is variable in colour. I have been unable to trace the Rotella trilobata which is stated by Sowerby to be in the British Museum, and which looks very like this species, judging from the figure (Conch. Icon. vol. xx. pl. iv. fig. 20). It is regarded as a variety by Pilsbry, who appears never to have seen either form.
Astralium girgyllus (Reeve).
Trochus girgyllus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. vol, xiii. fig. 53.
Turbo (Bolma) gyrilius (sic), Reeve, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. vol, vy. p: 208, pl. 499. fig. 73 (incorrectly coloured).
Astralium (Bolma) modestum, Reeve, var. girgyllus, Pilsbry, in Tryon’s Man. Conch. vol. x. p. 280, pl. lv. fig. 65.
Calcar modestum, var. B, Fischer, in Kiener’s Icon. Coq. Viy. p. 6, pl. Ixxvi. fig. 1.
Hab. China (Reeve), off Andaman Islands, in 41 fath. (‘Investigator ’).
A single half-grown example, in perfect condition, with the operculum. ‘The latter js almost white, thick, convexly arched and granulated, showing that this species does not belong to the section Bolma. It is much paler in tint than the type figured by Reeve, and the series of granules which adorn the whorls are rather finer, and the two rows of scale- hike projections are much produced and beautifully striated
behind. The shell is such a gem in form and ornamentation 1*
4 Mr. KE. A. Smith on Mollusca from the
that I regret having to return it to the Indian Museum at Calcutta. On comparing this species with A. modestum of Reeve, with which it has been united, there seem to be sufficient differences to warrant their separation. The sculpture on the base of the last whorl is much finer in A. modestum, and the groove in the umbilical region of A. girgyllus is absent in the Japanese form. There are also differences of colour.
Astralium bathyrhaphe, Smith. Astralium bathyrhaphe, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, vol. iv. p. 247; Llust. Zool. ‘Investigator,’ pl. xii, figs. 4-4 ¢.
Hab. Station 218, N. Maldive Atoll, in 210 fath.
Turbo (Cantrainea ?) incoloratus, Smith. Turbo (Cantrainea?) incoloratus, Smith, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, vol. iv. p. 247; lust. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ pl. xii. figs. 5, 5 a. Hab. Station 232, lat. 7° 17' 30" N., long. 76° 54! E., off South India, in 430 fath.
Leptothyra delecta, Smith.
Leptothyra delecta, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, 1899, vol. iv. p. 248; Llust. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ pl. xii. figs, 5, 3 a. Hab. Station 237, lat. 13° 17! N., long. 93° 7 E., off Andaman Islands, 90 fath.
Acmea minutissima, sp. 0.
Testa minuta, angusta, oblonga, alba, tenuis, lineis incrementi striata, lateribus subparallelis vix excurvatis; apex mediocriter elatus, submammillatus, vix centralis, subacutus.
Longit. 34 mm., diam, 14, alt. 1.
Hab. Andaman Islands, 130--250 fath., upon slender pieces of water-logged wood. Of the same character as A. depicta, Hinds, and A. paleacea,
Gould, from California, but differing in its minute size,
sculpture, and colour.
Fissurella delicata, Smith.
Fissurella delicata, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, vol. iv. p. 249 ; Illust. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ pl. xii. figs. 8, 8 a.
Hab. Station 232, off Travancore coast, 430 fath.
Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. 5
Puncturella (Cranopsis) indica, Smith. Puncturella (Cranopsis) indica, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, vol. iv. p. 249; Illust. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ pl. xii. figs. 7, 7 a.
Hab. Station 232, off Travancore coast, 430 fath.
Puncturella (Cranopsis) asturiana (Fischer).
Puncturella (Cranopsis) asturiana, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
1896, vol. xviil. p. 571.
Hab. Station 232, off Travancore coast, in 430 fath. Other localities are Bay of Biscay, West Indies, and off Ceylon, in 85 to 670 fath.
The single specimen obtained differs from that dredged in 390 fathoms off Culebra Island, West Indies, by the ‘ Chal- lenger,’ only in having the radiating costellz slightly coarser. The general outline of the shell and the character of the fissure both within and externally are the same. The costelle, being coarser, produce a slightly more strongly crenulated margin within. Length 17 mm., diam. 12, alt. 8.
Scaphander ceylanica, sp. n.
Testa parva, oblonga, angusta, tenuis, pallide fuscescens, trans- versim striata, striis pallidis, minute punctatis; spira involuta, excavata, albida; columella arcuata, incrassata, reflexa; labrum tenuissimum, supra spiram productum.
Longit. 9 mm., diam. 4.
Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath.
A slender shell, of a pale brown colour, ornamented with whitish punctate strie; the striz at both ends of the whorl are closer and deeper than those upon the central part, and form distinct lire between them.
Scaphander andamanicus, Smith.
Scaphander andamanicus, Smith, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist, 1894, vol. xiv. p. 167, pl. iv. fig. 15. Hab. Station 233, Andaman Islands, in 185 fath. A single specimen only. Much larger than the type, being 25 mm. in length and 18 in diameter.
Atys cylindrica, Helbling.
Hab. Off Andaman Islands, 15 fath. A few young shells only.
6 Mr. E. A. Smith on Jollusca from the
Atys hyalina, Watson. Atys hyalina, Watson, Gasteropoda ‘Challenger’ Exped. p. 640, pl. xlviii. fig. 1. Hab. Off Andaman Islands, 15 fath. A single specimen, agreeing in every respect with the type from Fiji. It is, however, rather larger, being 154 mm. in length.
Atys darnleyensis, Brazier. Atys darnleyensis, Brazier, Pilsbry, Man. Conch. vol. xv. p. 272.
Hab. Off Andaman Islands, 15 fath.
Agreeing precisely with specimens from Darnley Island received from Brazier. Perhaps belonging to the genus Cylichna.
Atys submal'eata, sp. n.
Testa tenuis, pellucida, elongato-ovata, utrinque imperforata, incre- menti lineis striata, lineis subdistantibus transversis leviter malleata, utrinque tenuiter transversim striata; labrum tenuis- simum, paulo supra spiram productum; apertura antice sub- canaliculata; columella tortuosa, incrassata, reflexa, appressa, apex concave impressus.
Longit. 17 mm., diam. 9.
Hab. Off Andaman Islands, 15 fath.
A very thin species, peculiarly malleated. The labrum arises from the middle of the impressed spire, is there slightly thickened, but has no twist as in the typical forms of the genus.
Cylichna andamanica, sp. n.
Testa irregulariter ovata, utrinque umbilicata, solidiuscula, alba, supra et infra trapsversim confertim striata, in medio levis; an- fractus ultimus paulo infra apicem leviter constrictus; labrum intus incrassatum, ad marginem acutum; columella leviter tortuosa, antice reflexa, ad basim effusa.
Longit. 9 mm., diam. 5,
Hab. Off Andaman Islands, 15 fath.
Rather solid for so small a shell. The slight constriction at the upper part of the body-whorl forms a solid crest above it. The apical perforation is very small and deep—indeed, narrower than the umbilicus. A very thin callus spreads over the whorl, uniting the columella and the upper end of the labrum,
Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. 7
Chiton ceylanicus, sp. ne
Testa C. canaliculato similis, sed areis centralibus inter liris punc- tatis, valva antica costis granosis circiter 36 ornata, cingulo squamis minutis amicto.
Longit. 14 mm., diam. 8.
Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath.
This species is rather like C. canaliculatus, Quoy & Gaim., but differs in the central areas being more fiuely lirate, punctate between the lirz, and the scales on the girdle are much finer. The valves are dirty white, here and there stained and dotted with light olive-brown, with a few darker dots on the posterior edge of the anterior and central valves.
Angasia tetrica, Carpenter. Angasia tetrica, Carp., Pilsbry, Man. Conch. vol. xiv. p. 287, pl. Ixi. figs. Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath. The specimens from this locality agree exactly with the variety calculosa from the Philippine Islands.
Dentalium Shoplandi, Jousseaume. Dentalium Shoplandi, Jousseaume, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1894, vol. vi. p. 102.
Hab. Station 229, off Travancore coast, in 360 fath. (‘ In- vestigator’) ; Gulf of Aden, 670 fath. (Jouwsseaume and Brit. Mus.).
The ridges in this species vary from sixteen to about twenty-two. None of the specimens, although not much broken away towards the apex, exhibit any trace of a slit. The largest example is 100 mm. in length and 12 in width.
Dentalium magnificum, Smith. Dentalium magnificum, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1896, vol. xviii, p. 371. Hab. Station 232, off Travancore coast, in 430 fath. The riblets are finer and more numerous in this species than in D. Shoplandi, and the apex is deeply slit.
Xylophaga indica, sp. n.
Testa X. dorsali similis, sed valvis sulco mediano equaliter bi- partitis, lira interna ceque centrali. Diam. 12 mm., longit. umbone ad marginem ventralem 12.
Hab. Station 233, off Andamans, 185 fath.
8 Mr. E. A. Smith on Mollusca from the
Very like X. dorsalis, but the valves are more equally divided down the middle by the central groove, so that the anterior and posterior portions are about equal. In X. dor- salis they are decidedly unequal, the posterior side being conspicuously larger. This is clearly seen within the valves, being indicated by the pesition of the strengthening rib.
The sculpture on the anterior areas and the protoplaxes are similar in both forms. Iam inclined to think that the latter will be found to be somewhat variable in form.
Anatina andamanica, sp. n.
Testa tenuissima, subpiriformis, antice late rotundata, postice obtuse rostrata, ineequilateralis, equivalvis, mediocriter convexa, pellu- cido-albida, lineis incrementi striata; umbones prominentes, contigui, circiter in 3 longitudinis collocati ; pagina interna nitida, vix margaritacea; sinus pallii profunde rotundatus ; fulera liga- menti parva.
Longit. 18 mm., alt. 14, diam. 10.
Hab. Lat. 11° 82! N., long. 92° 46' E., off west of Anda- mans, 194 fath.
Shorter and rounder than many of the known forms. The rostrate end exhibits slight traces of a periostracum.
Eucirou eburnea (Wood-Mason & Alcock).
Verticordia (Euciroa) eburnea, Wood-Mason & Alcock, Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist. 1891, vol. viii. p. 447, fig. 14.
Verticordia optima, Sowerby, Proc. Malac. Soc. vol. i. p. 59, pl. v.
fig. 3; op. cit. p. 82, as V. eburnea, W.-M. & Al.
Hab. Andaman Sea, 188-220 fath., and Stations 229 and 232, off Travancore coast, in 860-430 fath.
Very similar to £. elegantissima, Dall, from the Antilles, and V. pacifica, Dall, from the Hawaiian Islands. Are they sufficiently distinct to be regarded as different species, or are they not merely variations of one widely distributed form ?
It is curious to note that the localities of the three species lie between 11° and 24° north of the equator, at depths ranging from 188 to 756 fathoms, with a bottom-temperature of 38°, 40°, and 55°.
The size and number of the granules referred to by Dr. Dall* as distinguishing this species from E. eburnea are variable, for in one specimen from the Andamans they are quite as fine and as numerous as in one example of LE. pacifica in the Museum collection.
* Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1894, vol. xvii. p. 689,
Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. 9
Myodora quadrata, Smith. Myodora quadrata, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, vol. iv. p- 250; Illust. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ pl. xiii. figs. 5, 5a. Hab, Station 229, off Travancore coast, in 360 fath.; also Station 233, off Andaman Islands, in 185 fath.
Vesicomya indica, sp. n.
Testa transversim ovata, subglobosa, valde inaquilateralis, alba, cretacea, lineis incrementi tenuibus striata, antice angustata, postice late rotundata; lunula magna, elongato-cordiformis, in medio prominens, carinata, linea impressa cireumscripta; um- bones incurvati, fere contigui, circiter in } longitudinis collocati; valve mediocriter crasse, intus albide, et obscure tenuiter radi- atim striate ; cicatrix antica elongato-piriformis, postica latior ; sinus pallii minime profundus.
Longit. 49 mm., alt. 37, diam. 27.
Hab. Off Travancore coast, 360 fath.; off Andamans,
405 fath. The dentition is practically identical with that of V. lepta,
Dall (see Smith, Proc. Malac. Soc. vol. iv. p. 82, fig. ii.).
Mactrinula Reevesit, Gray. Mactra Reevesii, Gray, Reeve, Conch. Icon. vol. viii. fig. 92.
Hab, Off Chedubar, Aracan coast, 20-30 fath.
Cardita elegantula, Deshayes. Cardita elegantula, Deshayes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 101, pl. xvii. figs. 6, 7. Hab. Off Coromandel coast, 41 fath.; Chinese Seas (Deshayes).
Crassatella radiata, vay. Crassatella radiata, Sowerby, Reeve, Conch. Icon. vol. i. fig. 12. Hab. Off Mangalore, Malabar coast, 26-30 fath.; Singa- pore (Reeve).
Cardium (Ctenocardia) victor, Angas. Cardium (Ctenocardia) victor, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 612, pl. xlii. fig. 9. Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath.; Maldive Islands (Smith) ; Mauritius (dagas and Brit. Mus.).
10 Mr. E. A. Smith on Mollusca from the
Curdium coronatum, Spengler. Hab. Off Cheduba, Aracan coast, 20-30 fath.
Cardium (Fragum) hemicardium, Linn. Hab. Off Andamans, 15 fath.
Lucina bengalensis, Smith.
Lucina bengalensis, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1894, vol. xiv. p- 171, pl. v. figs. 1, 2. Hab. Stations 229 and 232, off Travancore coast, 360 and 430 fath. The largest specimen is 47 mm. in length, 42 high, and 22 in diameter, these dimensions considerably exceeding those of the type.
Lucina dentifera, Jonas. Lucina dentifera, Jonas, Reeve, Conch. Icon, vol. vi. figs. 10 a, b.
Hab. Off Mangalore, Malabar coast, 26-30 fath; Red Sea (Jonas).
Cryptodon investigatoris, Smith.
Cryptodon investigatoris, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat ist. 1895, vol. xvi. p. 18, pl. i. figs. 6, 6a; op. cit. 1896, vol. xviii. p. 374. Hab. Station 232, off Travancore coast, in 430 fath. Three left valves. Hitherto only right valves have been observed, so that it was somewhat doubtful whether the valves were similar; such, however, proves to be the case.
Psammobia arakanensis, sp. un.
Testa oblonga, antice angustata, acute rotundata, postice latior, oblique truncata, equilateralis, compressa, tenuis, alba, nitida, lineis elatis, tenuibus, obliquis, postice sulca radiante oblique in- terruptis, ornata, pone sulcum tenuiter lamellata; margo dorsi anticus rectiusculus, leviter declivis, posticus paulo incurvatus ; sinus pallii profundus, latus; valve tenues, intus pallide.
Longit. 31 mm., alt. 16°5, diam, 7:5.
Hab. Off Cheduba, Arakan coast, 20-30 fath.
About two thirds of the surface, which is marked off by an oblique groove posteriorly, is covered with rather distant raised oblique lines. This portion of the shell is glossy and exhibits innumerable delicate, hair-like, anastomosing lines in the texture. ‘The hinder portion is less shining and is marked
Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, 11
with regular lamelle of growth. P. bipartita, Philippi (Reeve, Conch. Icon. vol. x. fig. 60), has somewhat similar sculpture, but the anterior oblique lines are much more numerous and closer together and the form is different.
Tellina travancorica, Smith.
Tellina travancorica, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, vol. iv. p. 249 ; Illust. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ pl. xiii. figs. 1, la.
Hab. Station 229, off Travancore coast, in 350 fath.
Abra affinis, Smith. Abra affinis, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, vol. iv. p. 250; Iilust. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ pl. xiii. figs. 2, 2 a.
Hab. Off Travancore coast, in 498 fath,
Abra maxima, Sowerby. Abra maxima, Sowerby, Smith, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1894, vol. xiv. p- 169, pl. v. figs. 5, 6; op. cit. 1895, vol. xvi. p. 10.
Hab. Off Andamans, 405 fath.
Myrina indica, sp. n. Testa M. Simpson: simillima, sed minus polita, lineis incrementi
tenuibus sculpta, postice setis paucis brevibus munita, Longit. 11°5 mm., alt. 5, diam. 4.
Hab. Station 233, off Andamans, 185 fath.
Practically identical in form with M. Simpsoni, Marshall, from the North Sea*, It, however, is less glossy and exhibits rather more distinct lines of growth, and down the hinder slope a few very short epidermal bristles are observ- able. Under a strong lens microscopic radiating strie are visible, especially at the anterior end. The above are probably not the full dimensions attained by this species,
Septifer bilocularis, Linn. Hab. Off Chedubar, Aracan coast, 20-30 fath., and Diamond Island, Aracan coast.
Modiola Watsoni, Smith.
Modiola Watsoni, Smith, ‘Challenger ’ Lamellibranchiata, p. 275, pl. xvi. figs. 5-5,
Hab. Off Andaman Islands, 194 fath.
* J. Malacol. vol. vii. p. 168, figs, 1-8,
12 Mr. E. A. Smith on Mollusca from the
Arca (Barbatia) pteroessa, Smith.
Arca (Barbatia) pteroessa, Smith, ‘Challenger’ Lamellibranchiata, p. 262, pl. xvii. figs. 4-4 d.
Hab. Station 111, Bay of Bengal, 1644 fath.
The specimens from this locality are scarcely as narrowed anteriorly as some of those obtained by the ‘ Challenger’ expedition, but they do not seem sufficiently different to warrant their specific separation.
Arca (Barbatia) incerta, Smith.
Arca (Barbatia) incerta, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, vol. iv. p. 251; Ilust. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ pl. xiii. figs. 3, 3 a.
Hab. Station 232, off Travancore coast, in 430 fath.
Arca domingensis, Lamarck. Hab. Off Mangalore, Malabar coast, 26-30 fath.
Arca consociata, Smith.
Arca (Scapharca ?) consociata, Smith, ‘ Challenger ’ Lamellibranchiata, p. 266, pl. xvii. figs. 7-7 a.
Hab. Off Chedubar, Aracan coast, 20-30 fath.; Arafura
Sea, 25 fath. (‘ Challenger’). In this species the valves are similar.
Limopsis indica, Smith. Hab. Off Travancore coast, 360 fath.; Maldive Islands, 770-960 fath. Nucula mitralis, Hinds.
Nucula mitralis, Hinds, Hanley in Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conch. vol. iii. p- 152, pl. ecxxx. fig. 144.
Hab. Mouth of the River Hughli.
Nucula (Acila) Fultoni, Smith.
Nucula (Acila) Fultoni, Smith, Ilust. Zool. ‘Investigator,’ Mollusea, pl. i. figs. 3-3 e.
Hab. Off Travancore coast, 380 fath.
Nuculana fragilis, Chemn.
Leda fragilis, Chemn., Hanley in Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conch. vol. iii. p- 122, pl. ecxxx. fig. 171. Hab. Dredged off the sandheads at the mouth of the River Hughli ; China (Hanley).
Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, 13
Spondylus imperialis, Chenu. Hab, Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath.
Pecten Alcocki, sp. n.
Testa eequivalvis, equilateralis, tenuissima, subpellucida, rotundata, seriebus radiantibus et concentricis, numerosis squamarum minu- tarum ornata, mediocriter convexa, radiatim tenuiter striata ; auricule ineequales, antica valve dextree infra profunde sinuata, liris quaternis granosis radiata,
Longit. 18 mm., alt. 19, diam. 7.
” Hab. Station 232, off South India, 430 fath.
The radiating striz have the appearance of short scratches and are closer together down the sides of the valves. The scales which roughen the surface are generally more or less worn off, their position being indicated by the crenulated concentric lines of growth.
Pecten mirificus, Reeve. Pecten mirificus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. vol. viii. fig. 104,
Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath.; Amboyna (Reeve) ; Maldive Islands (Gardiner) ,
Pecten nux, Reeve. Pecten nux, Reeve, Conch. Icon. vol. viii. fig. 145 (errata),
Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, in 34 fath.; Maldive Islands (Gardiner) ; Marquesas Island (Reeve).
Pecten speciosus, Reeve. Pecten speciosus, Reeve, Con. Icon, vol. viii, fig. 112. Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath.; Philippine Islands (Reeve). One valve only. Janira Gardineri, Smith.
Janira Gardinert, Smith, in Gardiner’s ‘Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes,’ vol. ii, p. 622, pl. xxxvi. figs. 21, 22.
Hab. Off south coast of Ceylon, 34 fath.
Amussium caducum, Smith.
Amussium caducum, Smith, ‘Challenger’ Lamellibranchiata, p. 309, pl. xxiii. figs. 1-le; Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1894, vol. xiv. p. 173.
HTab, Andamans, 490 fath.; off Colombo, 531 fath.
14 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Two new
Amussium andamanicum, Smith.
Amussium andamamcum, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1894, vol. xiv. p. 172, pl. v. figs. 18, 14; op. cit. 1895, vol. xvi. p. 265.
Hab. Uaccadive Sea, 865-880 fath.
Lima indica, Smith.
Lima indica, Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1899, vol. iv. p. 251; Illust. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ pl. xiii. figs. 4, 4a.
Hab. Station 232, off Travancore coast, in 430 fath.
II.— Descriptions of Two new Elapine Snakes from
the Congo. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S.
A SMALL series of reptiles brought home from the Congo by Drs. Dutton, Christy, and Todd, of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Expedition, contains examples of two poisonous snakes which are new to science and of which I have great pleasure in giving descriptions. The specimens, which have been presented to the British Museum, were obtained near Leopoldville.
Boulengerina Christy?.
Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as the prefrontals, extensively in contact with the preeocular ; frontal small, not longer than broad, broadest behind, forming very open angles in front and behind, not quite as long as its distance from the rostral, half as long as the parietals; supraocular much narrower than the frontal; posterior nasal in contact with the single preocular; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3,; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fourth and fifth in contact with the lower postocular ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields narrower and a little shorter than the anterior and separated by one scale. Scales in 19 rows on the neck, 17 on the body. Ventrals 221; anal entire; sub- caudals 70. Blackish brown above, the nape and the anterior third of the body with irregular pale brown and black cross- bars, the black forming rings on the neck; upper lip pale brown, with black lines on the sutures between the shields;
Elapine Snakes from the Congo. 15
Jower surface of head brownish white, belly and lower surface of tail blackish.
Total length 465 mm.; tail 90.
A single young specimen.
We are now acquainted with four species of the genus Boulengerina, Dollo, for the determination of which the following key may be used :—
A. Rostral nearly as deep as broad; temporals 1+2; three upper labials in contact with the lower subocular. SCALES HIME ALOWS! greclee.s ths eisai ao vere B. annulata, Buchh. & Ptrs. Cale Im ALLOWS 6 fein soc ae Yours ses B. Stormsi, Dollo.
B. Rostral much broader than deep; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; two lower labials in contact with the lower subocular. DAIS IN ZO TOWS Kh hein. cane oie wwe is B. Dybowskii, Mocq. enles dines TOWS leyev.dvadide ceded B. Christyt, Blgr.
Elapechis Duttoni.
Snout very broadly rounded. Hye as long as its distance from the nostril. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals a little shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, two thirds the length of the parietals ; posterior nasal in contact with the single pre- ocular; three postoculars ; temporals 1+8; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest; fonr lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are separated from the symphysial; posterior chin-shields a little longer than the anterior. Scales very oblique, in 15 rows on the body, in 17 on the neck. Ventrals 150; anal entire; subcaudals 31 pairs. Pale brownish above, each scale with a black spot; a large black blotch on the head, descending as a bar on the temple, and followed by a whitish occipital transverse band; a black bar on the snout, con- necting the nostrils, and a black spot below the eye; upper lip whitish, with the sutures between some of the shields black ; lower parts whitish, the subcaudal shields edged with black.
Total length 520 mm. ; tail 70.
A single specimen, apparently a male.
‘This very distinct species is more nearly related to HZ. niger, Gthr., from Zanzibar, than to any other.
16 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new
III.—Descriptions of new West-African Freshwater Fishes. By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S.
Barbus Ansorgii.
Depth of body 33 to 32 times in total length, length of head 4 to 43 times. Snout rounded, slightly projecting beyond the mouth, slightly shorter than the eye, the diameter of which is 34 times in length of head ; interorbital width 3 times in length of head, width of mouth 32 times ; lips feebly developed; anterior barbel a little shorter, posterior a little longer than eye, the distance between them about half diameter of eye. Dorsal III 7, last simple ray very strong, bony, strongly serrated behind, a little longer than head; tree edge of the fin feebly concave; its distance from the occiput a little less than its distance from the caudal fin. Anal ILI 5, longest ray about 2 length of head. Pectoral a little shorter than head, nearly reaching ventral; latter entirely in front of vertical of origin of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 12 times as long as deep. Scales 28-29 2, 24-3 between lateral line and ventral, 12 or 13 round caudal peduncle. Brownish above, silvery white beneath, with an ill-defined dark lateral band above the lateral line; fins uniform whitish.
Total length 70 mm.
Two specimens from the Luache River at Bange Ngola, Angola, collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge.
The position of the ventrals in advance of the dorsal readily distinguishes this species from B. Kessleri, Stdr., originally described from Angola. The nearest ally of B. Ansorgii is B. paludinosus, Ptrs., from Hast Africa, which has shorter anterior barbels and more numerous scales,
Barbus Walkert.
Depth of body 3 to 3} times in total length, length of head 34 to 4 times. Snout rounded, slightly projecting beyond the mouth, not longer than the eye; diameter of eye 4 times in length of head, interorbital width 2} to 23 times; width of mouth about } length of head; lips moderately developed, interrupted on the chin; barbels two on each side, anterior 14 to 12, posterior 2 diameters of eye, the distance between them nearly equalling diameter of eye. Dorsal I1I 8, last simple ray flexible, not enlarged, 3 to 2 length of head; free edge of the fin straight ; its distance from thé occiput a little less than its distance from the caudal
West-African Freshwater Vishes. 17
fin. Anal IIL 5, longest ray 2 to 2 length of head. Pectoral about 2 length of head, not reaching ventral; latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1$ to 12 times as long as deep. Scales 21-22 3 24-3 between lateral line and
ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Brown on the back, yellowish on the sides and below, the lateral scales brown at the base; two longitudinal dark brown streaks embracing the 8 to 10 first scales of the lateral line; four round black spots on each side, the second higher up than the others, just in front of the vertical of the origin of the dorsal fin, the third below the second half of the dorsal fin and above the lateral line, the fourth at the base of the caudal fin and traversed by the lateral line ; a more or less distinct dark spot on each side of the vent; fins white, a few small black spots on the dorsal.
Total length 100 mm.
Gold Coast. Several specimens from Ingogosu, collected by the late Mr. R. B. N. Walker. These have been confounded by Dr. Giinther with B. trispi/us, Blkr., which differs in the smaller scales and in the markings.
Puntius (Barbodes) camptacanthus, Sauvage (Bull. Soe. Zool. France, 1882, p. 322), nec Bleeker, is perhaps the same fish.
Amphilius ates uensis.
Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length, length of head 4 to 4} times. Head a little longer than broad; eyes small, in the middle of the length of the head, 24 or 3 diameters apart ; interocular width # length of snout, which is broadly rounded and projects a little beyond lower jaw; posterior nostril a little nearer eye than end of snout, preemaxillary teeth forming a crescentic band ; maxillary barbel as long as head or a little longer, outer mandibular a little shorter than head, inner mandibular about 2 length of head. Dorsal 1 5-6, equally distant from end of snout and from root of caudal, first ray 2 to ? length of head. Adipose } to 4 longer than dorsal. Anal I 5-6, midway between root of ventral and root of caudal. Pectoral slightly longer than ventral, a little shorter than head. Ventrals below posterior rays of dorsal. Caudal forked, with rounded lobes. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. Brown above, speckled with darker, whitish below ; six yellowish cross-bars on the back, the first on the nape, the third just behind the dorsal fin ; fins whitish, the dorsal with a transverse series of small black spots, the
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xiv. 2
18 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new
caudal with a black basal bar and a transverse band of crowded black spots.
Total length 60 mm.
Four specimens from the Atesu River, Gold Coast, from Mr. R. B. N. Walker’s collection. These specimens have been recorded by Giinther (P. Z. S.. 1902, ii. p. 336) under the name of Amphilius platychir, Gthr., a species which differs in the ventral fins being some way behind the vertical of the dorsal, which is much nearer the end of the snout than
the root of the caudal, in the longer snout, and in the shorter barbels.
Chiloglanis cameronensis..
Body somewhat depressed in front, compressed behind, its depth 43 to 5 times in the total length. Head depressed, once and 4 as long as broad, its length 3 times in the total length. Hye directed upwards, in second half of head, its diameter 7 or 8 times in length of head, once and 2 in inter- orbital width, which equals or is a little less than the distance between eye and posterior nostril; premaxillary teeth in two large oval groups, well separated on the middle line, forming 4 or 5 transverse series; a group of 12 to 14 slender mandibular teeth ; maxillary barbel 3 to 4 length of head, longer than the lower labials. Dorsal 15; spine not serrated, about # length of head. Adipose low, its base about 2 its distance from the rayed dorsal. Anal I[15-6. Pectoral spine not serrated, # to % length of head. Ventral extending to origin of anal ora little beyond. Caudal slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle once and a half as long as deep. Pale brownish above; head marbled with dark olive and with a chevron-shaped dark band passing through the eyes, the point on the occiput ; three broad dark cross-bands on the body, the first behind the dorsal, the second across the base of the adipose fin, the third at the base of the caudal; fins whitish, with a dark band across the caudal.
Total length 50 mm.
Seven specimens from Efulen, South Cameroon, collected by Mr. G. L. Bates.
This species is closely related to C. modjensis, Bler., recently described from Southern Ethiopia, from which it is readily distinguished by the shorter caudal peduncle and the wider interspace between the twa groups of premaxillary teeth.
West-African Irreshwater Fishes. 19
Chiloglanis Batestt.
Body somewhat depressed in front, compressed behind, its depth 5 to 6 times in the total length. Head depressed, once and 4 as long as. broad, its length 3 times in the total length. Kye directed upwards, in second half of head, its diameter 5 times in length of head and equal to interorbital width, which exceeds the distance between the eye and the posterior nostril ; premaxillary teeth in two large oval groups, well separated on the middle line, forming 3 or 4 transverse series ; a group of 8 to 12 slender mandibular teeth ; maxillary
barbel as long as. eye, lower labial barbels shorter still. Dorsal I 5; spine not serrated, 2 to } length of head. Adipose low, its base barely 4 its distance from the rayed dorsal. Anal ILI 5. Pectoral spine not serrated, about 4 length of head. Ventral extending beyond origin of anal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe more or less produced. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Yellowish brown above, with large dark brown marblings forming more or less regular cross-bands; a black bar at the base of the caudal; lower parts white; fins whitish, lobes of caudal greyish.
Total length 38 mm.
South Cameroon; four specimens from Efulen and one from streams tributary of the Lobi River, 15 or 20 miles S.W. of Efulen. Collected by Mr. G. L. Bates.
Very closely allied to C. brevibarbis, Blgr., discovered by Mr. 8. L. Hinds in the Kenya district of East Africa ; differing in the slightly larger eye, the more numerous mandibular teeth, and the longer ventral fin.
Haplochilus macrurus.
Depth of body equal to length of head, 34 to 4 times in total length. Upper surface of head flat; snout much shorter than the eye, the diameter of which is about 3 times in leneth of head ; lower jaw projecting beyond upper; interorbital space 2 fo Z 4 length of head. Dorsal 7-8, rounded, originating nearer to root of caudal than to occiput; longest rays 3 to ¢ length of head. Anal 12-14, originating at equal distance from eye and from root of caudal ; longest rays as long as head. Pectoral nearly ¢ length of head, reaching beyond base of ventral. Cindal fier rounded, longer Te head. Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep. 24 to 26 scales in a longitudinal series, 6 or 7 in a transverse series. Pale
brownish, finely speckled with darker; a fine dark lateral 2%
20 On new West-African Freshwater Fishes.
line; fins uniform greyish; sometimes a dark spot in the axil and another at the base of the ventral fin.
Total length 32 mm.
Several specimens from Marimba, Lake Sarmento, Angola, collected by Dr. W. J. Ansorge.
This species is allied to H/. sptlauchen, A. Dum., but easily distinguished by the shorter snout, the projecting lower jaw, and the larger caudal fin. Secondary sexual characters do not appear to exist.
PROCATOPUS, gen. nov. (Cyprinodontid).
Characters of L/aplochilus, McClell., but ventral fins far forward, almost below the base of the pectorals, which are inserted very high up the sides.
Procatopus nototenia.
Body very strongly compressed, its depth equal to length of head and 3 times in total length; upper surface of head and anterior part of back quite flat. Snout as long as eye, the diameter of which is 3 to 33 times in length of head; lower jaw projecting beyond upper; interorbital width not quite half length of head; sensory canals on upper surface of head very strongly developed. Dorsal 9-11, originating at equal distance from occiput and from root of caudal and above middle of base of anal; posterior ray longest, 2 to # length of head. Anal 14-17, longest rays, in third fourth, as long as head or a little shorter. Pectoral about 2 length of head. Ventral of 6 rays, outer produced into a filament, and at least as long as head. Caudal fin truncate, as long as head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 25-28 scales in a longitudinal series, 7 or 8 in a transverse series; no lateral line; exposed surface of scales regularly hexagonal, more than twice as deep as long on the middle lateral series. Pale yellowish olive above, yellowish white beneath; a bright yellow streak on each side of the back, from behind the supraciliary edge to the base of the caudal fin, bordering the dorsal fin; an orange streak on the middle of the back, from the occiput to the origin of the dorsal fin; fins greyish, anal and caudal tinged with yellow at the base.
Total length 48 mm.
Southern Cameroon. Numerous specimens were obtained by Mr. G. L. Bates 15 or 20 miles S.W. of Efulen, in streams tributary of the Lobi River, which reaches the sea at Batanga.
~
Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees. on
1V.—Descriptions and Records of Bees. By T. D. A. CocKERELL.
Exomalopsis verbesine, sp. n.
? .—Length hardly 7 mm.
Black, with yellowish-white pubescence, snow-white on sides of tace; a few dusky hairs fringing the median bare area on thorax; vertex shining, impunctate; clypeus with a few large punctures, its anterior edge narrowly reddish; mandibles with a red spot on middle ; flagellum bright ferru- ginous beneath except at base, and also above at apex, the last joint with a shining oblique truncation ; scutellum ante- riorly bare, posteriorly with a very heavy fringe of hair, which intrudes on the middle of the postscutellum ; tegulx hairy, very dark brownish; wings clear, slightly milky, nervures and stigma piceous, stigma short, venation as in i. solani; legs black, the tarsi becoming ferruginous, the small joints bright red, with black claws; scopa of hind legs very long, yellowish white, fulvous on inner side of tarsi ; abdomen shining, segments 2 and 3 with narrow but very conspicuous pure white marginal hair-bands; a very short line of the same character is on each side of the first segment ; bases of third and fourth segments broadly seal-brown ; apical segments with a good deal of white hair; venter rather bright ferruginous.
Hab. Mesilla Park, New Mexico, at flowers of Verbestna exauriculata, June 19 (Clarence Lthodes).
The anterior declivity of the first abdominal segment is bounded by a strong rim. The species probably belongs to the group Anthophorula, and will have a yellow or white clypeus in the male. It is allied to H. (Anthophorula) Lrunert, Crawf., which visits Helianthus in Nebraska. The date, June 19, seems early, but I suppose I rightly interpret the figures “196” written by Mr. Rhodes on the label.
Anthophora sp.
From the nests of a species of Anthophora (the bees not seen) my wife took a living specimen of the remarkable Meloid beetle Hornia minutipennis, Riley, at Colorado Springs, Colorado, in May.
Melissodes macheranthere, sp. n.
6 .—Length almost 15 mm. Black, with white to yellowish-white pubescence, nowhere
22 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees.
mixed with black or fuscous ; eyes (when dry) light greenish yellow ; facial quadrangle much longer than broad; clypeus (except the usual lateral spots), labrum (except an elongate median black mark), and a spot at base of mandibles light yellow; mandibles mainly ferruginous ; vertex seen from in front moderately elevated ; hair of occiput very long, abun- dant, and white; antenna reaching to base of abdomen, scape pubescent, flagellum dull ferruginous beneath, except first and basal half of second joint; flagellar joints above with their apical margins very narrowly white-ringed; fourth antennal joint much longer than fifth ; hair of thorax dull white ; mesothorax dull, very densely malleate rather than punctured; tegule dark orange-ferruginous; wings with a yellowish tinge, slightly dusky on apical margin; nervures dark ferruginous ; legs black, with white hair, small joints of tarsi ferruginous, hair on inner side of basal joints of tarsi orange ; abdomen very dark brown, with the bases of the segments becoming black and their hind margins pallid, the pubescence white (pale yellowish on last segment), forming more or less distinct bands on the third to fifth segments ; subapical latcral spines large, apical plate broad; venter hairy.
flab. At flowers of a tall species of Macheranthera, near the White Sands, New Mexico, Sept. 30, two males (Cock- ercll) ; Buckeye, Arizona, at flowers of Cucurbita palmata, one male (Cockerell).
Larger than the male of JL. obliqua, with the fourth an- tennal joint longer and the notches at the sides of the apical plate of the abdomen (so conspicuous in obliqua) barely indicated. The size agrees with JZ. Townsendi, which has the pubescence quite different ; the underside of the flagellum a very lively (instead of dull) ferruginous, which extends to the extreme base ; and the apical plate very hairy, with a strong black rim which is not in the least notched. ‘he wholly pale hair of the ventral surface of the abdomen sepa- rates it at once from J, comanche, Cresson, and the longer antenne from JM. texana, Cresson.
While on Jelissodes, it is desirable to mention that Mr. Viereck has examined Cresson’s types of MZ. bituberculata, AM. afflicta, and M. Sumichrastii, and finds that all three belong to the genus Diadasia. AM. toluca and M. apacha have been already referred to Diadasia by Mr. Fox.
A female Melssodes from Phoenix, Arizona, Oct. 15, at flowers of J/elianthus annuus, is apparently the female of M.macheranthere. It has the general buildof 3 JL. obliqua,
Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees. 23
but has the femora, the ventral surface of the abdomen basally, and the thorax below the wings bright ferruginous, while the clypeus, scutellum, metathorax, basal part of first abdominal segment, &c. are dull red. The hair on inner side of hind tibiz and tarsi is light ferruginous. The antenne are as in M. obliqua, but clearer red, and the wings are hardly so dark.
Melecta interrupta, Cresson.
This insect occurs in New Mexico in two varieties, which may possibly prove to be distinct species. Unfortunately the species is rare, and only a few specimens have been collected. As the New Mexico varieties do not precisely agree with the typical form from Texas, they are herewith described :—
Var. fall ugie.
Pubescent markings bright orange-fulvous (pale ochraceous or tawny in the type) ; mesothorax extremely densely punc- tured, so as to be dull; the most distal point of third sub- marginal cell not much above its middle.
Pecos, N. M., June 27, at flowers of Fallugia, 1 2 (MM. Grabham); Continental Divide, La Tenaja, N. M., Aug. 2,1 9 (C. H. T. Townsend).
Var. roctadensis,
Pubescent markings pale ochraceous, those on abdomen white shaded with ochraceous; disk of mesothorax with the punctures well separated, showing the shining surface between; the most distal point of third submarginal cell con- spicuously above its middle. Looks like a large M. miranda, but easily distinguished by the dark wings and tegule and the shape of the abdominal markings.
Rociada, N. M., Aug. 10,1 g$ (Cockerell).
Melipona ligata, Say.
San Rafael, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, middle of July, at flowers of plant no. 31 (Cordia sp., probably C. ferruginea). Collected by Prof. C. H. 'T. Townsend.
Hulema surinamensis (L.).
Vicinity of San Rafael, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, March 23 and 26, at flowers of plants nos. 14 and 21 (C. //. 7’. Lownsend).
24 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees.
Exomalopsis mellipes, Cresson.
San Rafael, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, at flowers of plant no. 31 (Cordia sp., probably C. SHUG NEA middle of July (C. Hl. T. Townsend).
Epeolus Martini (Ckll.).
pe remiyatus, vay. Martini, Ckll, Canad. Entom. xxxii. p. 362 (1900). In the collection of the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station are specimens taken in Colorado; and after studying them, I feel satisfied that they represent a valid species.
AXenoglossodes imitatrix, Ckll. & Porter.
Glorieta, New Mexico, Aug. 16, 1903; 1.9 (Weck Cockerell). The specimen has a red stripe on the mandibles.
Diadasta rinconis, Ckll. Pecos, New Mexico, Aug. 4, 1903, 1 2 at flowers of
Opuntia arborescens.
Lithurgopsis apicalis (Cresson). Pecos, N. M., Aug. 4, 1903, 1 ¢ at flowers of Opuntia arborescens. The first recurrent nervure enters the second submarginal cell at its extreme basal corner; in some specimens of this species it enters some little distance from the base.
Euglossa cordata (L.), var. Townsend?, nov.
Hair of vertex and dorsum of thorax nearly all black ; band of black hairs (conspicuous in lateral view) from eye to eye in front of ocelli; hair of occiput and cheeks white, with a slight yellowish tint ; wings strongly dusky. Disk of clypeus in male br illiant purple.
Hab. Vicinity of San Rafael, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, eo, March 12° “an “nest females with the same data (C. H. T. Townsend).
Perhaps a distinct species.
Anthophora euops, Ckll. Prospect Lake, Colorado Springs, Colo., at flowers of Aragallus Lamberti, May 22,1 ¢ (2. & W. Chkll.). In fresh specimens the mesothorax is densely covered with ~greyish-white hair, strongly mixed with black.
bo Or
Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Dees.
Synhalonia frater (Cress.), subsp. aragalli, nov.
9 —Mandibles entirely black; eyes in life black; light parts of abdominal bands very pale ochraceous (not white or ashy) ; shining hind margins of first two segments narrower, and that on third reduced to an extremely narrow streak ; dark apical hairs sooty or seal-brown (not at all ferruginous) ; last ventral hair-band deep strong ferruginous, edged with whitish.
Hab, Prospect Lake, Colorado Springs, Colo., at flowers of Aragallus Lamberti, May 22 (1. & W. CklZ.).
Synhalonia crenulaticornis (Ckll), subsp. “ppie, nov.
3 .—Averaging perhaps slightly larger ; clypeus yellow, except the broad hind border, the upper margin of the yellow therefore with a pyramidal outline; fourth antennal joint averaging longer.
Hab. La Cueva, Organ Mts., N. M., prox. 5300 feet, at flowers of Lippia Wrightit’, Sept. 5 (C. H. T. Townsend) ; also three collected by Prof. Townsend at Dripping Spring, Organ Mts., N. M., Aug. 10.
Easily known by the large amount of yellow on the clypeus ; the middle part of the labrum is also yellow, whereas in true erenulaticornis the whole labrum is black.
Sphecodes pecosensis, Ckll.
Cheyenne Cafion, Colorado, at flowers of Prunus, May 18, 1904, 2 2 (W. P. Cockerell).
New to Colorado, ‘The specimens are a little larger than the type. The hair at the end of the abdomen is sooty, and there is a deep constriction between the first two dorsal abdominal segments.
Agapostemon viridulus (Fabr.).
Colorado Springs, Colo., at flowers of Zaraxracum taraw- acum, 1 9, May 10 (W. P. Cockerell).
Heriades gracilior, Ckll. Heriades gracilior, Cll. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Aug, 1897, p. 138. ? Trypetes barbatus, Robertson, Trans. Amer, nt. Soc. xxix. (1903) p. 171. Females from Las Vegas, New Mexico, at flowers of Convolvulus arvensis, June 17 (Cockerell), and Pecos, N. M., July 15 (W. P. Cockerell), agree with H. gracilior, but also
26 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees.
agree with Robertson’s very brief description of his barbatus. I do not positively assert that the species are the same, not having compared specimens.
PROSOPIS.
At Pecos, New Mexico, June 9, 1903, I collected at flowers of Salix four males, which prove to be two P. mesille, CkIl., and one each of P. divergens, Ckll., and P. asinina, Ckll. & Casad. PP. divergens is new to New Mexico; the specimen has clearer wings than the type.
PsEUDOPANURGUS, CkIL., 1897.
Protandrenopsis, Crawford, 1903, is the same genus. P. fraterculus (Ckll.) is apparently a valid species, and not a synonym of rugosus as asserted by Robertson.
Pseudopanurgus pectidellus, sp. n.
? .—Length slightly over 7 mm.
Similar to P. fraterculus, but differing as follows :—Facial fovez longer and less divergent from the eye-margin above ; tips of antenne bright ferruginous; vertex very closely punctured all over, without tubercles, but with the sides iaintly elevated ; mesothorax narrower, much more closely punctured ; wings much paler, strongly dusky only at apex; stigma smaller; the very short basal enclosure of metathorax strongly transversely ridged, with the area below it strongly shining; abdomen not so broad. From PP. meaxicanus (Cresson) it differs by having the abdomen hairy only at the extreme apex ; from P. scuber (Fox) by having the clypeus densely punctured all over, without a central line, the dorsulum closely punctured, &c. The tegule have a dark reddish spot, and the hind border of the prvthorax and tubercles are margined with short but dense white pile. ‘The labium is shining, with a delicate longitudinal keel.
fab. Soledad Cafion, Organ Mts., New Mexico, at flowers of fLectts papposa, 3 9, Aug. 15 (C. LL. LT. Townsend). ‘They were taken in company with Perdita solitaria, Ckll.
Andrena Viereck?, sp. n.
? —Length about 10 mm.
Black, with ochraceous pubescence ; antenna wholly black, joint 8 about as long as 445; base of antenna surrounded with long ochreous hair; clypeus exposed, shining, strongly but not very densely punctured, with a faint median ridge ;
Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Pees. ye
mandibles black, the extreme tip faintly reddish ; process of labrum with a concave truncation; facial fovese broad but short, going little below level of antenne and not departing from orbital] margin ; thorax with abundant erect hair, pale fulvous dorsally, with no black intermixed ; mesothorax dull and microscopically tessellate, with minute scattered punc- tures ; enclosure of metathorax minutely roughened, scarcely defined except by absence of pubescence; legs black, scopa on hind femora and tibie abundant and dense, hind knees with a fringe of sooty hairs ; hair on inner side of basal joint ot hind tarsi pale ; tegulz shining very dark brown; wings strongly yellowish, greyish at apex; stigma and nervures yellowish ferruginous, second submarginal cell much broader above than third ; abdomen broad, minutely roughened, not punctate, with dense ochreous hair-bands on hind margins of segments 2 to 4, that on 2 broadly interrupted in the middle ; apical fringe rather pale sooty. In Robertson’s tables runs to A. salicts, but is quite distinct from that by the short facial foveee and dense abdominal bands.
Hab. Colorado Springs, Colorado, April 22, at female flowers of Salix, collected by W. P. Cockerell.
Named after Mr. H, L. Viereck, who is doing such excel- lent work on Andrena. Mr. Viereck tells me that A. Vierecki is allied to A. pacta, Vier., but it has the dorsulum dull (shining in pacta) and the fimbria dusky (ochreous in pacta).
Andrena leptanthi, Viereck & Cockerell, sp. n.
3 .—Length about 9 mm.
Black, with long ochraceous pubescence ; clypeus smooth and shining, with sparse shallow punctures, not concealed by hair, bright lemon-yellow, except the narrow anterior margin and the usual two spots, which are broadly V-shaped ; facial quadrangle broader than long; clypeus much produced ; malar space very large, almost square; mandibles black, faintly reddish at apex, very long and curved, with a short inner tooth; process of labrum rather broadly truncate, the corners rounded; antenne long, black, faintly brownish beneath, joint 3 perhaps a trifle longer than 4+5; cheeks broad, the sides of the head behind produced into prominent angles about level with the middle of the upper half of the eye; mesothorax rather shining, with distinct but sparse punctures ; enclosure of metathorax small, without a rim, minutely rugose, with a slight tendency to wrinkling; legs, including tarsi, black, with reddish-ochreous hair; tegule dark; wings slightly greyish, strongly so at apex; stigma
28 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees.
brownish ferruginous, nervures dark brown; second sub- marginal cell very little broader above than third; basal
nervure passing a short distance basad of transverso-medial ; ~
abdomen shining, impunctate, thinly hairy, with longer hair on first two segments. elated to A. bipunctata, Cress., and A. trevoris, Ckll., but very distinct.
flab, Maniton, Colorado, 6630 feet, April 28, 1°04, at flowers of Rbes leptanthum. Collected by T. D. A. and W. P. Cockerell.
Mr. Viereck writes :—‘ Represented in coll. Am. Ent. Soc. by 3 2 and 4 @ from Nevada: the ? is covered all over with brown pubescence and has a variable yellow spot on the clypeus; this yellow spot is only faintly indicated in one specimen.” ‘lhe species belongs to a group consisting of A, leptanthi, A. Porter, and a new species from New Jersey and Connecticut which will be published by Mr. Viereck.
Andrena Portere, Ckll.
This black species is new to Colorado. Maniton, April 28, at flowers of Ribes leptanthum,2 2; Cheyenne Caiion, Colo., at Libes leptanthum, May 11,1 ¢ collected by Miss Winifred M. Shumway ; Roswell, Colo., at Ribes longiflorum, May 14, 1 ¢ collected by W. P. Cockerell.
Andrena erythrogastra (Ashmead). Colorado Springs, Colo., at female flowers of Salix, May 10, 1 9 (W. P. Cockerell) ; Prospect Lake, Colorado Springs, at. Salix, May 22 (7. & W. Ckil.). Nomada suavis, Cresson.
Palo Alto, California, Aug, 16, 1895 (V. L. Kellogg).
Nomada ultima, Ckll. Palo Alto, California, April 6, 1892 (V. L. Kellogg). New to California. Nomada fragilis, Cresson. Halfway House, Pike’s Peak, Colorado, about 8900 feet, at flowers of Saliz, May 30,1 ¢ (Cockerell). Nomada Frieseana, sp. n.
2 .—Length about 9 mm. Just like N. rubtcunda of the Atlantic seaboard, except for
ey
Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees. 29
the following characters :—Third antennal joint much shorter, being hardly longer than its apical breadth; fourth also shorter; flagellum amber-coloured on both sides, though darker above; wings without the yellow shade; scutellum and axillee of the same red colour as the mesothorax; hind femora without a black stain in front, though there is one behind ; second abdominal segment with a large pyriform white mark on each side; the white on segments 2 to 5 interrupted sublaterally, 5 with a good deal of red; apical ventral bristles largely pale.
ITab. Prospect Lake, Colorado Springs, Colorado, May 22, 1904 (7. & W. Ckil.).
Named after the greatest living authority on Apoidea,
Nomada semiscita, sp. n.
3 .—Length 72 mm.
Runs in my tables to N,. sevt/formis and has no supra- clypeal mark, but differs thus :—lFace-marks lighter yellow ; lateral marks larger, reaching to the level of the antenne ; fourth antennal joint shorter, not much longer than fifth ; pubescence of thorax &c. white, not at all yellow; basal nervure meeting transverso-medial ; spine of anterior coxa short and red; abdominal markings very pale yellow on first segment, bluish white on the others ; apical plate dark red (black in sedt¢formis).
Hab. Prospect Lake, Colorado Springs, Colorado, May 22, 1904 (7. & W. Ckll.). At flowers of a Senecio of the group S. aureus.
Although this and the last were taken at the same time and place, I do not feel at liberty to consider them sexes of one species. Not only do the tegule differ in colour (bright ferruginous in Frdeseana, pale yellow in semrscita), but the third submarginal cell in semdsceta has a small appendicular nervure, wholly wanting in /rieseana and scitiformis. In life the eyes of Hrieseana 9 are pale red, of semiscita ¢ pale yellowish green.
Xylocopa nautlana, sp. n.
2? .—Length about 30 mm.
Similar to X. morto (Fabr.), with the same shining black body, black pubescence, and brown-black wings with a strong purple iridescence. The labrum has the same three pro- tuberances, the clypeus has the same structure, and the punctuation is about the same. The second abdominal segment has very numerous, small, feebly-impressed punc- tures, whereas in morzo it is smooth, with scattered, mostly
30 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the
rather strong, punctures. The ridge in front of the ocelli is very strong, forming a double arch, without any prominent lateral eminences. The deep space under this ridge is filled with pollen, for what reason I do not know. In morio the ridge is not so strong and in the middle it sends downwards a process which encloses the middle ocellus, which is not at all the case in nautlana. There is a tuft of dark reddish hair at the apex of the abdomen, almost hidden amongst the black. Hind tibize with two teeth (side by side) on the middle of the outer side.
flab. Rio Nautla, in the neighbourhood of San Rafael, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, March 18. At flowers of plant no. 18 (C. L/. T. Townsend).
Xylocopa brasilianorum (L.).
Vicinity of San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico, March 18, at flowers of plant no. 18 (C. /Z. T. Townsend).
The hind tibiae have on the outer face an oblique keel ending in two low but broad teeth; the prominence between the antenne is quite large.
Xylocopa colona, Lep.
Vicinity of San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 2 March 23, at flowers of plant no. 21; males March 23 and 30 (C. //. 7. Townsend).
The female is easily known from brastlianorum by its smaller size, more closely punctured abdomen, and shorter third antennal joint. The male, which Smith described as X. erratica, has an extremely strong superficial resemblance to X. collaris, Lep., from the Khasia Hills, India. The form of male collarts which thus resembles evratica is the variety mentioned by Bingham (Hymenop. Brit. India, p. 543), in which the whole thorax is covered with ochraceous pubes- cence, and the third abdominal segment is provided with an ochraceous down like the second. This variety, which may be called var. Binghamt, I have received from Mr. Sladen.
V.—On the Colcopterous Group ‘ Heptaphyllini” of De Borre. By GiLBert J. Arrow, F.E.S.
In the monographic Catalogue of the Trogidez, publishel in 1886 by M. Preudhomme de Borre, that family is divided into five sections, one of which, the Heptaphyllini, was created
9
Coleopterous Group ‘ Heptaphyllini.” dl
for a single species, unknown to the author, but characterized by the possession of tarsi with only four joints, a phenomenon unknown in any other Lamellicorn beetle. Referring to the original description by Friedenreich of this anomalous beetle, in the ‘Stettiner entomologische Zeitschrift? for 1883 (p. 375), I was glad to find not only the beetle but also its Jarva described in detail. Many of the characteristics of both, however, are such that I have no hesitation in rejecting the insect, not only from the Trogide, but from the Lamelli- corn suborder. JLleptaphylla fungicola, Fried., is a minute beetle found in fungi in Brazil. It is 24 mm. long, and has antennee of 11 joints, of which 7 are lamellate. The right mandible is simple and acutely pointed, while the left is strongly bifid. ‘These, as well as its other structural features, unmistakably identify it with the genus Lhipidandrus, Leconte (Eutomus, Lacordaire), belonging to the Malaco- - dermatous family Cioide. ‘The species hitherto placed in this genus range from the United States of America to the northern part of South America, and Friedenreich’s insect may be regarded as another species extending this range farther southward. The genus was characterized by Lacordaire under the name of Hutomus in 1866; but Leconte’s name, although stated by Fleutiaux and Sallé to be of later date, was really published by him in 1862 in part 1 of his ¢ Classifi- cation of the Coleoptera of North America’ (p. 236). The claim of the name Rhipidandrus over the other two is there- fore indisputable. A second genus, Cherostus, has been created by Mr. Waterhouse for two Old-World forms very nearly related to the American insects. They have the lamellz of the antennal club much shorter, and all the tibia are armed with spines at their ends. Lacordaire’s species, Rhipidandrus micrographus, which was described from northern South America, has been recorded from Guadeloupe and St. Vincent. I have seen no specimens from the former island, but those from the latter, which are in the British Museum, do not agree with Lacordaire’s description, all the tibie having spinose prolongations, while the antennee have the first joint quite short, instead of reaching to the middle of the eye, and the lamellz quite short. It therefore agrees better with Cherostus, and 1 propose to call it
Cherostus cornutus, sp. .
Breviter cylindricus, piceus, clypeo pedibusque rufis, antennis testa- ceis, clypeo laevi, nitido, fronte grosse, haud profunde, sed creber- rime punctata, medio late impresso, feemine depressione breyiter
52 On the Coleopterous Group “ Heptaphyllini.”,
ee yualiter fulvo-hirta, maris clypeo breviter bicornuto, tuberculis duobus miuutis intra oculos ; prothorace ubique grosge et densis- sime punctato, antice et postice excurvato, angulis anticis obso- letis, posticis obtusis; elytris acute costatis, interstitiis opacis, vix perspicue transverse plicatis. ;
Long. 4°55 mm.
_ Hab. St. Vincent (Leeward side); Grenada (Grand Htang, 1900 feet).
This, the largest yet known of these species, was found by Mr. H. H. Smith in Boleti. There is a single female specimen in the Museum of a closely related species from
Jamaica which it is perhaps desirable to describe here.
Cherostus jamaicensis, sp. n.
Cylindricus, ferrugineus, antennis testaceis, capite grosse, haud profunde sed creberrime punctato, leviter longitudinaliter im- presso, depressione (2) brevissime fulvo-pilosa, clypeo medio levi; prothorace grosse et densissime punctato, antice et postice excurvato, angulis anticis obsoletis, posticis obtusis ; elytris acute costatis, interstitiis transverse plicatis.
Long. 3 mm. :
Hab. Jamaica (Kingston).
his is a smaller and narrower insect than those before described. The elytral interstices are more rugose and the ‘pubescence upon the head of our specimen is extremely fine.
Yet another species to be placed here is Xyloborus crent- pennis of Motschulsky, of which the tarsi were erroneously believed by him to be heteromerous. This was recorded from Burma by the describer, but typical specimens in our collec- tion received from him are (perhaps wrongly) supposed to lave been brought from Ceylon. There are also examples from the Andaman Islands. ‘This species is most nearly related to the Australian form, C. Stmpsonz, Waterh., but is smaller, narrower, and of a uniform brick-red colour. There is a smooth space upon the front of the head placed longitu- dinally, whereas a similar patch in C. Stmpsoni is transverse. The typical species, C. Walkert, of which the. original specimens were brought from Damma Island, also exists in the island of Matabello.
The generic classification of these peculiar little beetles can only be regarded as provisional until our knowledge of them has become more complete. The hairy fringe upon the head may, perhaps, be found to constitute an important sectional distinction. ‘This, as I have indicated, is a pecu- liarity of the female sex. It does not appear to occur in all
»
On new Sciurus, Rhipidomys, ce. from Venezuela. 33
the species ; but, as no attention has been paid to the sexual characteristics in the species hitherto described and few species have been recognized, it may be more general than appears. I have found it only in Cherostus Walkeri, cor- nutus, and jamaicensis. ‘The importance of the tibial prolon- gations is also at present uncertain. Lacordaire’s second species, Hutomus madagascariensis, is said to bear these on the middle legs only, for which reason he regarded it as forming a distinct section of his genus. This may necessitate the formation of a third genus if the feature is found to have the importance attached to it by him.
The description of the larva of Rhipidandrus fungicola by Friedenreich is interesting, in view of the extremely divergent views which have been held as to the proper location of the group. The body is bent like that of most Lamellicornia, but there are only nine abdominal segments, which are not larger than the thoracic, and the terminal one ends in a pair of pointed processes. There are five ocelli on each side of the head, and the labial palpi are said to be three-jointed. All these characteristics exclude the insect from the ranks of the Lamellicorn Coleoptera and conclusively point to its relationship to the lignivorous Malacodermata. ‘This addi- tional light is of value in settling the question as to the true systematic position of an enigmatical type of insect which has been referred to no less than four of the suborders of Coleoptera.
The ‘ Heptaphyllini” being eliminated, it remains true for the Lamellicornia that a primitive five-jointed tarsus is the most invariable of their characteristics, probably the only exception being a very few obviously degenerate forms such as Stenosternus and Phycochus, which are among the most abnormal of all Coleoptera.
V1I.—New Sciurus, Rhipidomys, Sylvilagus, and Caluromys from Venezuela. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.
Sciurus flammifer, sp. n.
A very large species allied to S. cgniventris. Belly white. Tail ochraceous. General colour of body above of the same speckled or grizzled yellowish as in S. igniventris. Head and ears rufous. Chin pale rufous. Rest of underside and inner sides of limbs pure sharply defined white, edged on each side with a narrow line of orange-rufous. Outer side of limbs rich rufous, becoming orange-rufous on the digits.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xiv. 3
ad Mr. O. Thomas on new
Tail long, not so bushy as in some members of the group, its hairs for the proximal six inches ringed basally with black and dull yellow, with broad flaming orange tips, which gradually spread downwards till on the terminal half of the tail the hairs are wholly orange to their bases. Mamme 8.
Skull stout and heavy, its muzzle not abnormally narrow.
Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—
Head and body 285 mm.; tail 813; hind foot, s. u. 65, c.u. 70; ear 31.
Skull: greatest length 68 ; basilar length 53; zygomatic breadth 40 ; nasals 21 x 10°5; interorbital breadth 23; palate length 29°5; length of upper tooth-series 10:1.
Fab. La Union, Caura district, Lower Orinoco.
Type. Female. B.M. no, 4. 5. 7. 28. Original number 308. Collected 24th October, 1902, by Mr. S. M. Klages. Presented by Oldfield Thomas. One specimen in normal pelage, and a second, presumably the same, showing a partially melanoid condition, with blackish tail and black belly.
This fine squirvel is most closely allied to S. igniventris (type locality Marabitanas, Rio Negro), but differs by its pure white instead of bright red under surface and by the wholly orange-red colour of the terminal half of the tail. The latter character will also distinguish it from the geogra- phically more distant S. ¢recolor and S. castus, the only other white-bellied members of the group. 8S, ¢gniventris tedifer (Upper Rio Meta), with a somewhat similar tail, has, like its typical subspecies, a wholly red belly.
Rhipidomys venezuele fervidus, subsp. n.
Stronger coloured and with smaller teeth than true R. vene- suele.
General colour above uniform rich fulvous (near “ tawny ochraceous”) ; under surface pure sharply defined white. Outer side of limbs like body, inner sides white ; hands buffy white, with a slight touch of brown on the metacarpus; feet similar, but the centre of the metatarsus more decidedly brown, ‘Tail uniformly brown, hairy and pencilled terminally as usual.
Skull very similar to that of true venecuele, but the inter- parietal shorter antero-posteriorly and the palatal foramina rather longer, extending fully to the level of the front edge of m’. ‘Teeth as usual, but decidedly smaller than in the typical form,
Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—
Head and body 130 mm.; tail 135; hind foot (wet) (Sct) 24; ear 17.
Sciurus, Rhipidomys, &e. from Venezuela. 35
Skull: greatest length 32°5; basilar length 26; inter- orbital breadth 5-5; interparietal 4:7 x 9°7 ; palate length 13; diastema 8°5; palatal foramina 7; length of upper molar series 4°5,
Hab. La Union, Lower Orinoco.
Type. Male. B.M. no. 4. 5. 7.34. Original number 305. Collected 23rd October, 1902, by Mr. S. M. Klages. 'I'wo specimens, adult and immature.
The large number of the common R. venezuele of Merida with which [ have been able to compare this animal agree in the uniformly larger size of their molars, and also average much paler in colour.
Rhipidomys rosilla, sp. n.
A small rufous species allied to R. dryas, Thos.
Size about as in #. dryas, or slightly larger. Fur close, straight, and crisp, hairs of back scarcely more than 5 mm. in length. General colour above rich tawny, the crown and anterior back more greyish and heavily lined with black, the rump and hips deep uniform tawny. ‘Throat and chest white. Belly buffy ochraceous, paler mesially, an area of richer ochraceous tawny edging the darker colour of the sides; but there is no sharp line of demarcation. Inguinal region and inner side of hind limbs white. Kars of medium size, brown. Upper surface of hands and feet dull buffy white. ‘Tail rather short for this genus; uniformly brown, well-haired, pencilled terminally.
Skull very much as in &. dryas, the palatal foramina rather larger.
Dimensions of the type (measured on the dry skin) :—
Head and body 109 mm.; tail 101; hind foot (s. u.) 20°5; ear 13°5.
Skull: greatest length 28; basilar length 21:3; zygo- matic breadth 15:5; nasals 9; interorbital breadth 5; breadth of brain-case 12°8; palate length 11°7; diastema 7-4; palatal foramina 5:4; length of upper molar series 3°8,
Hab. La Union, Lower Orinoco.
_ Type. Old male. B.M. no. 4. 5. 7. 87. Original number 310. Collected 26th October by Mr. 8. M. Klages. Two specimens.
This pretty species is readily distinguishable by its small size and rich colour. Its only near ally, &. dryas, from HKeuador, has the belly pure white, without any trace of the unusual ochraceous sutfusion characteristic of the present animal,
3%
36 On new Sciurus, Rhipidomys, &e. from Venezuela.
Sylvilagus meridensis, sp. n.
‘A small dark-coloured species allied to S. andinus.
General appearance very much asin S. andinus, the dorsal colour rather darker (approaching “ olive ”) ; a warmer brown tone along the middle of the back. Fur longer throughout. Frontal region like back ; cheeks similar, but greyer, without prominent markings; hinder part of orbit inconspicuously lighter. Ears very short, their basal third furry like the head; front part of outer surface brown; inner surface dull buffy. Nape dull greyish rufous, but little contrasted with the general colour. Under surface dull soiled buffy, not sharply defined laterally, the ends of the belly-hairs, espe- cially in the inguinal region, dull buffy, with the grey bases showing through. Arms dull tawny outside, the hands richer tawny, but changing occasionally into white on the digits ; inner aspect of arms dull buffy. Hind limbs similar, the rump and legs scarcely more rufous than the back, the feet dull tawny. ‘Tail quite minute, coloured like the body, rather blacker above.
Approximate dimensions of the type (from skin) :—
Head and body 350 mm.; tail 10 (?); hind foot (s. u.) (wet) 72; ear (wet) 50.
FTab, Sierra de Merida, Venezuela.
Type. B.M. no. 4.5.14.1. Collected by §. Bricefio and presented by Oldfield Thomas. Two specimens.
This little hare, or “rabbit” as it would be called in America, is closely allied to the S$. andinus of the Ecuadorean Andes, but differs by its rather darker general colour, its soiled buffy instead of nearly white belly and hind feet, and the absence of any tawny suffusion on the rump and hind legs.
Young specimens of S. mertdensis were received some years ago, and I was enabled to mention the occurrence of a species of this group in the Sierra de Merida; but the present are the first adults that have been obtained, and even now, unfortunately, no skulls have been sent with them. The cranial characters are, however, no doubt very much as in S. andinus.
Caluromys trinitatis leucurus, subsp. n.
Size as in C. trinitatis and C. t. venezuela, therefore far smaller than in C. philander. Fur close and velvety, the hairs of the back only about 9 mm. in length. General colour of the same dull tone as in venezuela, near “ clay- colour,” the crown more rufous. Face grey, the dark median line unusually prominent. Under surface and inner side of limbs pale buffy, the dark of the sides encroaching on the
On the Fishes taken by the ‘ Oceana.’ 3¢
belly-colour, as in ¢rindtatis. Tail, apart from the furry basal portion (which is like the back), wholly white, or with a few inconspicuous dark marblings near its base.
Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :—
Head and body 210 mm.; tail 300; hind foot (s. u.) 32; ear 32.
Skull: greatest length 48; basal length 44; zygomatic breadth 27:5; combined length of three anterior molariform teeth 7:1.
Hab. Maripa, Caura Valley, Lower Orinoco.
Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 4. 5. 7.42. Original num- ber 376. Collected 26th October, 1903, by Mr. 8. M. Klages.
This opossum agrees in size with the Trinidadian C. trint- tat’s and its Venezuelan relative C. ¢. venezuele, and is there- fore far smaller than the Guianan C. philander, L., to which, however, it shows some aflinity by its white tail, trindtatis and venezuele both having this organ brown, with at most a few lighter marblings. Its short close fur will also distin- guish it from its Venezuelan neighbour.
VII.—On the Fishes taken by the ‘ Oceana,’ * By E. W. L. Horr and L. W. Byrne.
OnLy six specimens of fish, all very young, were received from the ‘ Oceana,’ viz. :—
Length. | Station.
STERNOPTYCHIDZ. Argyropelecus hemigymnus, Cocco, .| 7°25 mm. By 1510-0 fath. Genostoma microdon, Gthr. ...... 33 mm. 4f | 1275-0 fath. SYNGNATHID. Nerophis equoreus, lL. ....6+5 es 70 mm. 4f | 1275-0 fath.
’ MACRURID&.
ME ACIUIME Ss alate oc eave toe 8 ate ea 55 mm. 5d 950-0 fath.
i Sr Sridelaetaeeas sdiacte 55 mm. be 1070-0 fath. PLEURONECTIDZ.
? Hippoglossus vulgaris, Flem. ....| 10°5 mm. 51 1710-0 fath.
* For details of the voyage and of the method of capture see ‘The Geographical Journal,’ vol. xiii. (1899) p. 147.
38 Messrs. E. W. L. Holt and L. W. Byrne on the
All the hauls above inentioned were made on the 2Ist November, 1898. Station 4 was in 52° 27:6! N., 15° 40! W., and Station 5 in 52°18°1! N., 15° 53:9! W., and both stations j were thus within the British Area as defined by Canon .
: ;
Norman.
Argyropelecus hemigymnus. X 16.
Argyropelecus hemigymnus, Cocco.
Probably the most interesting specimen captured by the ‘ Oceana’ is a larva of this species 675 mm. in length without the middle caudal rays (which are about ‘5 mm. long) and 2°75 mm. from the snout to the anus. A marginal larval fin still persists, but the rays of the unpaired fins of the adult are already well developed ; the marked separation between the abdominal] and caudal regions, which is characteristic of older specimens, is, even at this age, very noticeable, but the caudal region is proportionately much longer than in the adult.
There are signs of developing photophores on the abdomen in positions which correspond roughly to those occupied by the photophores of the adult, a single large photophore near the middle of the base of the-anal fin, and another near the ventral margin of the caudal peduncle. The pectoral fins are well developed and nearly as long as the abdominal portion of the body. There is no sign of any ventral fin.
The net in which this specimen was captured fished from 1510 fathoms to the surface, and it is impossible to draw any conclusions as to the vertical range of the species. The locality in which the ‘Oceana’ larva was taken is well within the known horizontal range of the species, which has been taken in the Mediterranean and on both sides of the j North Atlantic, as far north in the Eastern Atlantic as the
9
eo
Fishes taken by the ‘ Oceana.’
Faroe Channel. It has already been taken in British waters by the ‘Flying Fox’ (Giinther, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, iv. p. 415, 1889).
It seems to us by no means improbable that A. hemi- gymnus, Cocco, may only be the young of A. Olfersi, Cuv. ; such specimens of the former as we have seen are all smaller than the smallest specimen of the latter of which we can find any record, and the differences relied on to separate the two species—namely, (a) the greater length of the caudal region and (6) the proportionately longer pectoral fins of A. hemi- gymnus—appear to be characters which may well be only the signs of a transition from such a larva as is now under con- sideration to the adult A. Olfersi. We have not at present access to sufficient material to do more than suggest the possible identity of the two species.
Gonostoma microdon, Gunther.
A small Gonostoma, 33 mm. in length, although somewhat damaged, may be identified with reasonable certainty as helonging to this species. G. microdon has an almost cosmo- politan distribution, and, although it appears to be by no means uncommon inthe deeper parts of the North Atlantic, the present record is the first from the British Area, It is impossible to say at what depth the present specimen was taken, as the net containing it fished from 1275 fath. to the surface; its condition suggests that it may have been taken at a considerable depth.
Nerophis equoreus, L.
A single specimen 70 mm. in length was taken at Station 4f in a net which fished from 1275 fathoms to the surface; there is nothing to show at what depth the specimen was taken. . Further specimens of this species have been captured in deep water on the Porcupine Bank by the Department of Agricul- ture for Ireland’s S.S. ‘ Helga,’ and in the Bay of Biscay by H.M.S. ‘ Research,’ and we refrain from dealing fully with the question of the occurrence of N. equoreus in deep water until the further material thus obtained has been worked out.
At a length of 70 mm. the young N. equoreus still retains a vestige of pectoral fins ; it differs markedly from the adult and resembles a Syngnathus in that the longitudinal ridges of the body are well marked and are prolonged into backwardly directed spines at the posterior edge of each body-ring, so that the postanal portion of the body has a serrated appear- ance. The smooth and rounded appearance of the adult
\
t
40 On the Fishes taken by the ‘ Oceana.’
does not seem to be attained until a length of more than 100 mm. is reached.
The circumstances under which the “ Porcupine Bank” adults were captured and the fact that a specimen was found in the stomach of a bottom-haunting fish (Scyllium canicula) at the same place indicate that this species may be a normal inhabitant of the bottom at considerable distances from land if not at great depths.
An adult female from that locality is about 20 em. in length and an ovigerous male measures about 15 cm. It seems to us that they really represent a distinct variety of the species ; but beyond the smaller size we can seize on no character susceptible of intelligible diagnosis.
? Macrurus sp.
Two considerably damaged larvee, with the yolk nearly absorbed and the mouth apparently functional, may possibly be Macrurids. Each is about 5°5 mm. in total length and about 1:75 mm. in preanal length; the postanal part of the body is very elongate and slender. Neither is in a condition to admit of a detailed description being given.
? Hippoglossus vulgaris, Flem.
A vitelligerous larva, with a total length of 10°5 mm. and a preanal length of 4 mm., appears to be a Pleuronectid ; the body-segments cannot be counted with great accuracy, but probably number about forty-eight ; the yolk-sac is still very large and the mouth not yet functional. The specimen is somewhat damaged and darkly stained by the preserving medium. The marginal larval fin—whether naturally or otherwise — appears to be much vacuolated, especially dorsally, while the only visible pigment consists of a few stellate chromatophores in the roof of the body-cavity.
If this larva is correctly identified as a Pleuronectid, it can only be attributed to the halibut, both on account of its size and by a process of elimination. We are unaware of any description of a larval halibut * which can be used for purposes of comparison, and our identification must for the present remain tentative only. The specimen is not in a condition to render a detailed description useful.
* We have already (Department of Agriculture for Ireland, Report on Fisheries for 1901, pt. i. p. 67 [1903]) given our reasons for regarding the larva tentatively attributed to the halibut by Petersen (Rep. Danish Biological Station, iv. p. 130 [1893]) as a young Pleuronectes cynoglossus, and we think that the larval forms since described by Kyle (M. B. A.
Journal, vi. p. 618 [1903]) as A. vulgaris or P. cynoglossus are also refer- able to the latter species.
On new Genera and Species of Coleoptera. 4}
VITI.—Descriptions of new Genera and Species of New
Zealand Coleoptera.
Group CNEMACANTHID®,
Mecodema leeviceps. striatum. — Walkeri.
Group FERONIID. Trichosternus Hudsoni.
Genus of doubtful position,
Eupsorus costatus.
Group PsELAPHID&,
Patreus Lewisi. Euplectus caviceps. sulciceps.
Group ByRRHID. Curimus vestitus.
Group Lucanip&. Mitophyllus curvidens.
Group MELOLONTHID. Mycernus elegans. Prodontria Lewisii.
Group DynasTID®, Pericoptus frontalis.
Group OPATRID#, Syrphetodes nodosalis, Paraphylax sternalis.
Group RuiPrPHoRID&.
Rhypistena cryptarthra. sulciceps.
Group OTIORHYNCHID&,
| Cecyropa alternata, ) — discors.
By Capt. T. Broun, F.E.S.
Platyomida brevicornis, Tigones dispar. Catoptes vexator. evens.
duplex. Tnophleeus sternalis. discrepans. longicornis.
Group CYLINDRORHINID®.
Pparchus Lewisi. Tocris latirostris,
Group RHyYPAROSOMID™®.
Pachyprypnus modicus. Clypeorhynchus inophleeoides. Beeosomus tacitus.
Group Ertruinip2.
Philacta maculifera. Oreocharis ferruginea, pullata.
Group ScoLoprerIpz, Gonoropterus spinicollis.
Group CRYPTORHYNCHID&, Crisius dorsalis.
Group Cossonip™,
Pentarthrum crassellum. Hectzeus rubidus.
Group ScoLyTip™, Mesoscolytus inurbanus.
Group Lamup», Somatidia testudo.
Group Cnemacanthide.
Mecodema leviceps, sp. n.
Robust, nigrescent, slightly shining; labrum, palpi, an- tenne, and femora pitchy red, tibie and tarsi rufo-piceous,
42 Capt. T. Broun on new
Head broad, incurved behind the moderately prominent eyes, almost smooth, having only a few feeble rugz near the eyes ; on the epistome there are two long and three short strie ; labrum rounded, slightly emarginate in the middle, with six setigerous punctures, Antenne with the basal four joints glabrous, the remainder are finely punctate, and gradually become more pubescent towards the extremity, the fifth, however, is nearly nude. Thorax 3} lines in length by 3? in breadth, apex slightly incurved, base medially emar-
ginate; its sides are only indistinctly crenate and are.
nearly straight for two-thirds of their length, they are sinuously narrowed backwards towards the obtuse posterior angles; the lateral margins are distinctly explanate near the . anterior angles, and less so near the basal fossz ; these last are of moderate size, but appear flattened close to the cariniform margins; the discoidal furrow does not attain the front or base, and is marked with seven or eight punctures, the largest of these is in front; near each side there are some faint striole, and along the base there are some short shallow ones. Elytra oblong-oval, each with eight well- marked punctate dorsal striz, which become irregular behind, the punctures, especially towards the sides, are distinct and close; the three interstices nearest the suture are broad and plane, the others become narrower, so that the eigbth is almost cariniform, the marginal punctuation is irregular.
Legs moderately slender, anterior tibicee with produced outer
angles and stout inner spurs.
Underside shining, rufo-piceous, nearly smooth ; on each segment, near the middle, there are two setigerous punctures and a large impression at each side, the terminal, in addition thereto, has four punctures at its extremity.
This species is, no doubt, nearly allied to M. lucidum, Castelnau, but the postocular punctuation is absent; it is, moreover, a broader insect. The elytra near the base are much broader: in my specimen of M. lucidum they are so
narrowed that the shoulders become quite obsolete. The
external angle of the front tibia is almost obtuse. Length 13, breadth 4 lines. Ida Valley. One individual from Mr. J. H. Lewis.
Mecodema striatum, sp. n.
Elongate, rather narrow, glossy black, legs nigro-piceous, Head moderately elongate; between the frontal im- pressions and each eye there are three coarse rugz, on the
ee ee
a
Genera and Species of New Zealand Coleoptera. 48
forehead there are five, some fine punctures occur behind and six larger ones on the labrum; close to each eye there is a large puncture with duplicate sete ; the vertex is smooth. Mandibles stout, elongate, striate. Hyes moderately pro- minent, Antenne short, their basal four joints glabrous. Thorax hardly any broader than long, its sides gently rounded, sinuously narrowed behind, posterior angles not at all projecting, lateral margins crenulate ; dorsal groove very distinct and almost touching the basal and apical margins, its surface is almost quite smooth, though a few fine abbreviated strize may be seen near the front and _ base, basal foveze deep and close to the angles. LElytra oviform, gradually but considerably narrowed posteriorly, the shoul- ders, though somewhat narrowed, are evidently broader than the base of the thorax; their sculpture consists of rather deep, quite impunctate strize, which become confluent towards the extremity; the three interstices, on each, nearest the suture are nearly plane, the others are convex, on the seventh there is one puncture just behind the middle thigh and two or three along the stria outside, the raised space parallel with the side is very smooth, and the common punctiform sculpture of the marginal channel is nearly altogether absent. Anterior femora moderately inflated, the outer angle of the tibia prolonged, basal four joints of the tarsus with prominent external angles; intermediate tibice scabrous, with slightly produced outer extremity, the posterior simple.
Underside shining black ; the head with close undulating sculpture, flanks of prosternum closely punctate ; abdomen with fine irregular linear impressions, the apex of the terminal segment has three setigerous punctures on each side of the middle, but the usual pair of punctures on the central portion is wanting.
There is no need for comparison with other species in this instance, as the deep regular impunctate elytral striz will at once lead to its recognition.
3. Length 10, breadth 22 lines.
Puysegur Point.
One example, from Mr. Sandager’s collection, was kindly sent to me by Mr. Lewis.
Mecodema Walkeri, sp. n.
_ Elongate, shining, coppery black ; tarsi and palpi piceous, tips of these latter paler. Head narrower than thorax, with cight longitudinal sulci
44 Capt. T. Broun on new
on the forchead, near the eyes it is similarly irregularly rugose, with a single setigerous puncture near each eye ; on the vertex there are only faint transverse irregular impressions. Labrum slightly notched in front and bearing six sete. Hyes prominent. Antenne short, their basal four joints glabrous, the others pubescent. Thorax 33 broad by 3 lines long, widest near the front, rather gradually narrowed backwards, more abruptly near the base, apex subtruncate, base slightly incurved, lateral margins only feebly crenulate, posterior angles obtuse; the basal fossz are situated close to the sides, but do not reach the hind margin, the discoidal groove is well marked; in front there are some fine longi- tudinal striz, and across the disk faint linear impressions. Elytra elongate-oval, with rounded shoulders; on each, between the middle and the side, three indistinctly elevated lines occur, the intervening spaces are moderately coarsely and closely punctured and become rugose behind, nearer the smooth flat suture the punctures are finer and irregular, but do not form series or striz ; the lateral sculpture is not coarser than that near the outside of the dorsum. Legs moderately slender; anterior ¢2bze@ with produced outer angles, intermediate slightly acuminate, the posterior simple. Terminal joint of maxillary palpi rather broader than in M. sculpturatum.
Underside glossy black, head with undulating sculpture, the rest of the body nearly smooth. At the extremity of the last segment there are two setigerous punctures on each side of the middle, and, on one side, there is an additional pair, which, however, in my specimen, is wauting on the other side.
?. Length 13, breadth 44 lines.
Akaroa.
This may be be placed near J/. aliernans and M. Suteri ; it is, however, much larger than either of these and differently sculptured. The name of its discoverer, Mr. J. J. Walker, F.L.S., has been attached to the species.
Obs.— At the same time Mr. Walker supplied me with the male of Trichosternus akaroensis, which appears to be usually smaller than the other sex, measuring only 10 x 3? lines.
Group Feroniidz.
Trichosternus Hudsoni, sp. n.
Oblong, moderately convex, glossy; head and thorax viridescent, elytra sometimes with a coppery hue; legs
ee
Genera and Species of New Zealand Coleoptera. 45
nigro-piceous, tarsi and antenne rufo-piceous, palpi often more rufescent.
Head, including the prominent eyes, as wide as the front of thorax, and, excluding the mandibles, about equalling it in length ; it is quite smooth and bears the usual frontal impressions. Labrum subtruncate, with six setigerous punctures across its front margin. Mandibles long and robust, the left one strongly curvate at the extremity. Thorax 21to 24 lines long by 2¢ to3in breadth, its apex in- curved, base medially emarginate ; the sides are moderately rounded, and are slightly narrowed, yet scarcely sinuate, behind, posterior angles rectangular; the dorsal groove generally attains the base and apex ; near the latter there is a slight curved transverse impression; the basal fosse are large, occasionally there is a slight intervening depression. Scutelium striate at base. Hlytra ovate-oblong, with denti- form shoulders, rather broad but moderately sinuated towards the apices; their striz are deep and finely punctured, the sutural interstices are plane, the others convex, on the third there are three punctures, and on the seventh four or five.
Underside shining, black ; the abdomen with fine irregular linear sculpture, the basal segment has two distinct punc- tures near the middle of the hind margin, and there are four at the extremity of the terminal one.
This is a much smaller and less robust insect than T. antarcticus, with simple femora, and the outer angle of the middle tibiz is not produced. It is distinguished from 7. bucolicus by its deeper striz and more convex elytral interstices.
do. Length 9-104, breadth 33-33 lines.
Wellington.
Five specimens, under the number 192, have been received at various times from Mr. J. H. Lewis and Mr. S. V. Hudson. They were all collected in the same locality, and are undoubtedly a distinct local form. The species is named in honour of the gentleman who discovered it.
Genus of doubtful position. Eupsorus, gen. nov,
Body moderately elongate, rough. Mazillary palpi elongate, basal joint short, the next long and gradually incrassate, third almost transverse, fourth slender and acuminate, as long as the preceding two combined. Antenne inserted below the lateral margins of the forehead,
46 Capt. T. Broun on new
slender and elongate; basal joint stout, slightly arched ; 2nd longer than broad, about half as long as the basal one; 3rd rather longer than the contiguous ones ; joints 5-8 elongate, the last, however, distinctly shorter and stouter than the 5th; terminal three a little expanded, 10th slightly broader than 9th. Legs simple, unarmed; the anterior tibiz on the inside, below the middle, with a wide excision. Tarsi stout, each of the basal four joints trans- verse, the first largest, the fifth about half the length of the others conjointly ; claws small and slender.
Head subquadrate, moderately rounded and narrowed in front. Clypeus prolonged anteriorly. yes coarsely facetted, subrotundate, only slightly convex. Thorax notched later- ally. lytra subquadrate, costate. Hind body gradually attenuated, not longer than the elytra, the basal three segments strongly marginated.
The characters given above show that this genus cannot be associated with Omalium, in which the terminal joint of the tarsi equals the basal four taken together, and the clypeus is not produced so as to cover the mandibles. In Micropeplus the body is similarly costate, but the tarsi are only tri-articulate, and the antenne are nine-jointed and abruply clavate. It may be located between these two genera, but, even there, on account of the notch along the inner face of the front tibiz similar to that seen in the Carabidee, it will occupy an isolated position.
Eupsorus costatus, sp. n.
Body slightly nitid, almost uniformly pale brown, spar- ingly clothed with decumbent pallid sete.
Head smaller than thorax, with two deep longitudinal cavities, the margins and central portion asperate. Thorax about as Jong as it is broad, its sides explanate and of some- what rounded outline, interrupted, however, by three or four unequal indentations, so that the basal portion appears as if abruptly constricted ; there are two strong, but not quite straight, discoidal coste, which seem rough, but the dilated sides are nearly smooth and shining and very sparsely setose. Elytra just as broad as they are long, almost parallel-sided, shoulders rounded; apices bistnuate, so that the true basal segment of the abdomen may be detected from above; they bear three costz, the suture forming the central one, and there is a curvate humeral elevation on each; their whole surface is coarsely punctured. Hind body transversely convex; the four fully-exposed segments
. SS oe = 7-2
Gencra and Species of New Zealand Coleoptera. 47
have rather more conspicuous setze than the elytra, they are, however, rather short and depressed, and the punctuation seems less coarse; the third segment is rather larger than either of the basal two, the apical is narrow and conical. Legs and tarsi finely setose, the two hind pairs of tibize straight.
Length 14, breadth 2 line.
Ida Valley.
A single mounted individual of this remarkable little insect was kindly sent to me by Mr. J. H. Lewis,
Group Pselaphide. PaTREUS, gen. nov.
Body elongate. Antennal tubercles small. Hind body elongate, basal three segments large, nearly equal, with deep sutures. Metasternum elongate. Prosternum without visible carina. Intermediate /idie remarkably short, curvate; basal joints of imtermediate farsi enormously developed, second smaller than first, the third elongate and slender ; with one claw.
This genus should be placed near Hveirarthra, the an- tennze, however, instead of being like those of Sagola, more nearly resemble those of Zelandius. From the latter it is distinguished by the more slender form, impunctate surface, much smaller and more anteriorly narrowed head, oviform thorax, shorter autenne, and slender legs. From all the other Euplectini known to me it may be easily recognized by the strongly developed basal joints of the middle tarsi, which indeed somewhat resemble the male feet of an Aphilon, one of the Phytophaga, but with the basal joints homo- geneous in place of being distinctly separated. The tarsal structure of Hwveirarthra, another curious form of this group, is materially different, the penultimate joint of the anterior tarsi being distinctly lobate, whilst the terminal is provided with two claws,
Patreus Lewisi, sp. n.
Elongate, nitid, castaneo-rufous ; legs, antenne, and palpi yellow ; sparingly clothed with long, slender, greyish pubescence.
Head small, the vertex deeply and unevenly excavate. Antenne pubescent, basal joint large, 2nd shorter and not quite as stout, joints 3-8 small and bead-like, 9th larger than the preceding one, but not so broad as the 10th, 11th
48 Capt. T. Broun on new
very large. Eyes prominent. Thorax oviform, rather longer than broad; there is a distinct ante-basal linear impression, a fovea at each side, and a smaller median fovea, but there is no well-developed discoidal groove, the surface is smooth. lytra rather longer than broad, moderately rounded laterally ; on each there is a fine sutural stria and short intra-humeral impression, the shoulders appear as if longitudinally elevated. Legs moderately long, the front and hind tibie straight, their tarsi elongate. Hind body with four exposed segments, the basal three strongly mar- gined and of nearly equal length, the first slightly flattened medially.
3. Length , breadth } line.
Ida Valley.
1 have much pleasure in naming this inconspicuous but interesting little beetle in honour of Mr. J. H. Lewis, who sent me a mounted specimen which he found in an ant’s nest. The female apparently has not been seen.
Euplectus caviceps, sp. un.
Elongate, shining, fulvescent, impunctate, clothed with decumbent greyish pubescence; antennz, palpi, and legs yellow.
Head nearly as broad as the thorax, narrowed anteriorly, its whole central portion deeply hollowed, and with a fine dark longitudinal stria within the cavity, the frontal margin is on nearly the same plane as the flattened tubercles. Eyes quite lateral, rather small, convex, coarsely facetted. Antenne moderately short and stout, basal joint stout, 2nd oviform, nearly as large as the Ist, joints 3-6 smail and moniliform, 6th slightly smaller than 5th, 7th and 8th transverse and distinctly broader than the preceding one, 9th and 10th transverse, about twice the size of the 8th, 11th large, conical, acuminate, and pubescent. Thorax quite oviform, with a transverse impression near the base, termi- nating in a fovea at each side; between the former and the basal margin there is a small median fovea, and there is also an elongate discoidal impression. /ytra subquadrate, their sides moderately rounded, shoulders narrowed; the sutural striz are well marked, and there is an elongate intra- humeral impression on each. Hind body oblong, basal three segments strongly margined and about equal, fourth nearly as long as third, the terminal depressed. Legs elongate and slender. Yars: slender, apparently with one claw only.
¢d. Length 3, breadth nearly line.
Thompson’s Gorge.
Genera and Species of New Zealand Coleoptera. 49
Described from one mounted male, which was found under a stone by Mr. J. H. Lewis and forwarded aa No. 5877.
Euplectus sulciceps, sp. n.
Elongate, shining, pale castaneo-rufous, sparingly clothed with slender depressed grey hairs; legs and antenne fulvescent.
Head nearly as broad as the thorax, subtrigonal; at each side, behind the eye, there is a fovea which is prolonged forwards as a broad groove. Antenne short and stout, 2nd joint nearly as large as the exposed portion of the Ist, joints 3-7 small and differing but little from one another, 7th and 8tb transverse, 9th evidently larger than the 7th, 10th twice the size of the 7th and distinetly broader than the 8th, 11th large, conical, and acuminate. Thorax oviform, with a fovea at each side united to its fellow by a transverse linear impression near the base, close to which there is a smaller central fovea; there is also a slight longitudinal impression on the disk. E/ytra subquacrate, shoulders narrowed, with a distinct sutural stria and humeral impression, which is sometimes divided, on each. Hind body longer than the elytra, its first exposed segment covered with exceedingly minute scales, the following three larger, nearly equal and margined, 4th and 5th deflexed, Legs simple.
Congeneric with the preceding species, but differing there- from in the form of the head and other details.
Length 3, breadth nearly + line.
Thompson’s Gorge, Otago.
A single specimen, No. 5910, mounted on cardboard. Also found by Mr. Lewis.
Group Byrrhide. Curimus vestitus, sp. 0.
Convex, oviform, slightly nitid, fusco-piceous, legs reddish, antennee and palpi piceous; densely covered with flat, small, yellowish-grey and white scales; these last predominate near the hind angles of the thorax, and form irregular spots near the sides of the elytra behind the middle; there are also many erect grey set on the sides of the body, on the legs, and on the forehead.
Head suboblong, rather flat, not squamose in front, ob- tusely rounded there. Labrum prominent. yes quite lateral and longitudinal, not at all conspicuous, much
Ann. & May. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xiv. 4
50 Capt. T. Broun on new
narrowed backwards. Mandibles bifid at extremity. Thorax strongly transverse, gradually narrowed towards the acute anterior angles, with a sinuation near each eye, so that the middle of the apex seems rounded, the punctuation concealed and shallow. Scutellum triangular. Elytra as wide as thorax at the base, their sides nearly parallel, but much curvedly narrowed posteriorly ; their striz are sharply im- pressed and impunctate, the interstices are plane and finely coriaceous.
Femora grooved underneath; fidbie straight inwardly, rather slender towards the knees, with about six setigerous denticles along the outside, the anterier with a broad shallow impression along the front for the accommodation of the tarsi, the other pairs deeply grooved along the posterior face so that the tarsi, in repose, are almost hidden. Tarsi stout and nearly nude, the terminal joint nearly as long as the preceding four taken together.
Antenne sparingly hispid, 2nd joint nearly as long and stout as the exposed part of the Ist; Srd and 4th equal, about twice as long as broad; 5th aud 6th longer than broad, but shorter than the preceding; 7th short, 8th and 9th transverse, 10th distinctly broader than 9th; 11th large, oblong, closely adapted to the 10th, so these two apparently form the oblong club.
Underside opaque, sparsely studded with suberect, short, coarse grey sete. Abdomen, like the breast, with coarse shallow punctures; the three intermediate segments short, with strongly curved sutures ; the terminal moderately long and narrow, the visible central portion of the basai one large and subtriangular.
Rather smaller and more convex than Nos. 432 and 2512, and recognizable by the dense squamosity. The last species (2512) may be separated at once by the quite acuminate terminal joints of the maxillary palpi.
Length 12, breadth 1] line.
Ophir, Otago. Two specimens found by Mr. Lewis. _ The measurements are from a “set out” example, the other retracted one is smaller.
Group Lucanide. Mitophyllus curvidens, sp. n.
Oblong, moderately convex, slightly nitid, variegate, mostly nigrescent, occasionally tinged with violaceous, the sides of thorax and an elongate space on the elytra ferru- ginous; irregularly clothed with elongate, depressed, pallid
ee ee —"
="
Genera and Species of New Zealand Coleoptera. 51
scales; on the elytra more erect, coarser, whitish ones form irregular spots; legs and antenne pitcby red.
Head, exclusive of mandibles, quite transverse, the middle curvedly depressed in front, distinctly punctate, nearly nude behind. Thorax transversely quadrate, bisinuate at base and in front, its sides somewhat explanate, particularly near the front, only slightly rounded; its sculpture is like that of the head, but not so close on the disk, where, in some lights, bluish spots may be seen. Elytra_ parallel-sided, obtusely rounded posteriorly, slightly wider than thorax at base; there are no obvious elevations; their punctuation resembles that of the thorax. Anterior ¢idie slightly curved, finely and closely denticulate or serrate externally ; the outer extremity is somewhat produced, and there is a dentiform projection before the middle.
Underside shining, punctate, variegated castaneous, spar- ingly clothed with pale decumbent elongate squame or sete. Prosternum obtusely angulated medially in front. Meta- sternum large, grooved along the middle. Ventral segments 2-4 decrease a little in length.
Male——IJn a specimen of M. irroratus (No. 445), which Dr. Sharp kindly identified for me in London over thirty years ago, I find that the mandibles, in repose, form a circle leaving a central gap large enough to admit a pin’s head ; their apices are tridentate, aud the uppermost tooth is somewhat prominent.
In M. curvidens the mandibles are shorter, their apices are simple and pointed, the central gap is just large enough to allow the point of a pin to penetrate; on the outside of each, near the middle, there is an acute horizontal protuberance, and, near the extremity, a pair of comparatively large lobes arise; these are directed slightly backwards and outwards ; underneath they are broad and plane. The mandibles, in fact, somewhat resemble in miniature those of the grand African dung-beetle, Heliocopris isidis.
Female.—The mandibles are rather longer and much further apart than in the same sex of M. irroratus; they bear no distinct tooth above, but appear as if cut halfway down near the extremity, so that the apices seem slender and simple; the acute horizontal angulation near the base is well developed. The thorax of M. trroratus is much narrowed towards the front, so that the middle is distinctly wider; in M. curvidens this is not the case.
The antenne, in this sex, are similar, the basal joint being smooth, curvate, and about as long as the following six conjointly ; the 2nd is transverse, the 3rd and 4th are
4*®
52 Capt. T. Broun on new
longer than broad, the 5th and 6th subquadrate; the 7th is rather larger than the preceding one, and acutely produced in front; the three leaflets of the club are of nearly equal length, but they are barely half as long as those of the male. The eyes are large and prominent.
6. Length 5, breadth 12 lines.
9. Length 44, breadth 12 lines.
Karori, Wellington.
Two mounted males and one female, marked No. 68, were forwarded to me for examination by Mr. G. V. Hudson.
Group Melolonthide.
MycERNUS, gen. nov.
Body ovate-oblong, slightly convex, not pubescent. C/y- peus deeply emarginate medially. Pa/pi short; terminal joint of the maxillary truncate at apex, subsecuriform ; the labial very short. Antenne 8-articulate, rather short; the club composed of three leaflets, which are not longer than the preceding five joints combined. Anterior tiie tri- dentate externally in both sexes, the upper tooth, in the male, sometimes small. Posterior core with stout short prolongations, these only moderately curved. Sternal process slender and very narrow, horizontal, its front edge vertical and hardly extending forwards beyond the intermediate coxe. Pygidium exposed, broad, widely rounded.
The type bears a remarkable superficial resemblance to Fyronota festiva, which, however, is well differentiated by its large, conspicuous, intercoxal process.
Psilodontia is, undoubtedly, the most nearly related genus, but its intercoxal lamina is curved forwards and downwards to the breast. Its antenne are dissimilar, and their club consists of more elongate and somewhat curvate leaflets. The clypeus is truncate or slightly rounded apically. The eyes are smaller and less convex. All the palpi are longer. Tarsi longer, their 3rd and 4th joints slender at base, whereas in Mycernus the corresponding joints of the anterior are oblong. ‘The appendages of the hind coxe are slender, much curvate, and acute at the extremity, quite hook-lke in fact. The pygidium is only half as broad and almost quite truncate behind.
Mycernus elegans, sp. 0.
Glossy, brilliant green; a longitudinal discoidal stripe and an irregular space near each side of the thorax; the
Genera and Species of New Zealand Coleoptera. 53
suture and a lateral streak on each elytron, and the scutellum, are rufous; legs and antenne testaceous.
Head convex between the eyes, nearly smooth there; clypeus with raised margins, its sculpture rugose-punctate, but rather shallow. Thorax transverse, widely emarginate at apex; base bisinuate, with rectangular angles; anterior angles subacute; the sides are indistinctly angulate before the middle, gradually narrowed anteriorly, nearly straight behind; the base, therefore, is rather wider than the front; the surface is almost smooth and polished ; the sides bear a few grey setz similar to those on the legs. H/ytra oblong, apices rounded, their sides gently curved, shoulders obtuse ; they are punctate-striate, the outer strie, however, are shallow or obsolete; interstices nearly plane, with a few minute distant punctures. Underside infuscate, rather sparingly clothed with white sete.
Legs elongate, the hinder pairs of tibiz bicalcarate at apex. Antenne sparsely hispid: basal joint clavate at. extremity; 2nd also stout, subglobular, 3rd slightly longer than 4th, each of these nearly twice as long as broad; 5th broad but very short, thicker at one part than the other; club feebly pubescent.
6. Length 3, breadth 1} lines.
Ophir. Amongst the sands of the Manuherikia River.
Six specimens, both sexes, discovered recently by Mr. J. H. Lewis.
PRODONTRIA, gen. nov.
Body convex, subovate, nearly nude. Clypeus with re- flexed margins, obtusely rounded, its basal suture nearly straight, the front face perpendicular. Labrum horizontal, deeply notched, so that the outer lobes appear prominent. Palpi rather short, their terminal joints elongate ; the labial apparently invisible. Antenne inserted just below and in front of the eyes, 8-articulate ; basal joint clavate, as long as the following three conjointly, these three hardly twice as long as broad; the four terminal leaflets are elongate and minutely pubescent. Thorax strongly transverse, deeply incurved in front, bisinuate at base, distinctly marginated, Scutellum large, rounded. lytra convex, broadly oval, marginated, truncate at extremity. Pygidium exposed, vertical, rounded. Yibie nude, the anterior tridentate ex- ternally ; the other pairs with spiniform sete, the apical rims semicircular, truncate and subserrate, and with short coarse ciliz, Tarst elongate, 5-jointed, claws simple.
54 Capt. T. Broun on new
Abdomen with five segments, the basal four nearly equal, fifth very short, scarcely visible towards the sides.
This genus is closely allied to Odontria, and should pre- cede it in the New Zealand Jist. The typical species of hoth genera, however, differ in shape and general appear- ance, and may be distinguished almost at a glance. In Odontria the metasternum is moderately elongate, and the middle femora are, in repose, received in « broad groove or impression, which is limited by fine frontal aud posterior margins. In Prodontria the metasternum is more reduced, so that the space between the middle and hind pairs of legs is less than that between the front and intermediate ones, just the reverse of what obtains in the older genus, and, moreover, the middle thighs have no depressions for their accommodation, there being a fine elevated carina on that part of the sternum, and ‘behind it the face seems nearly vertical.
Prodontria Lewisii, sp. n.
Robust, subovate, a little nitid, almost nude above, there being only a grey fringe under the base of thorax and a few erect scattered setze on the clypeus that can be easily seen ; colour fusco-testaceous, the legs and antennz testaceous.
Head quite half the width of thorax, its central portion distinctly and irregularly punctured, the clypeus coarsely aud rugosely punctured, the intervals minutely. Thorax twice as broad as it is long, deeply and widely ineurved in front, anterior angles acute ad attaining the middle of the eyes ; its sides strongly and irregularly rounded, but in one specimen there is an obsolete angulation at each side, and in it the sides appear to be gradually narrowed towards the base and apex; base strongly bisinuate, its angles distinct but not at all projecting ; the surface with distinct but finer punctures than the head. Scutellum punctate. Llytra rounded laterally, not wider than thorax at the base, apices truncate ; each elytron has eight more or less evident striz, these are moderately finely and regularly punctured, but the apical sculpture becomes confused and punctiform, and the outer striz are somewhat abbreviated ; interstices finely and irregularly punctured, in some of these punctures minute setae may be detected.
Underside testaceous, more or Jess fincly puncturcd, spar- ingly and finely pubescent, but bearing elongate silky greyish hairs on the prosternum. Club of antenne composed of tour
eee
Genera and Species of New Zealand Coleoptera. 59
leaflets in both sexes, and about as long as the preceding four joimts combined.
Length 74, breadth 4-44 lines.
Cromwell.
Described from three mutilated individuals found by Mr. J. H. Lewis on the saud-hills of Molyneux River.
Group Dynastide. Pericoptus frontalis, sp. n.
Fusco-piceous, a little shining; legs and antenne ferru- ginous.
Thorax strongly transverse, anterior angles oblique and very obtusely rounded for quite a third of the entire length, its sides nearly straight behind, base bisinuate; the frontal protuberance is very small or obsolete, and the impression just behind it is shallow; the fovea-like depression near each side is more distinct. /ytra oblong, apices subtruncate ; each bears a sutural stria, the punctuation is distinct but irregular.
Underside rather closely and finely sculptured, the punc- tures on the abdomen are most distinct. Pygidium closely and finely punctured. Sternal villosity very slender and elongate, testaceous.
Head with rather shallow scanty punctuation behind; the anterior margin of this part is rather abruptly deflexed, but not at all ridged, and forms a sort of step to the lower plane of the frontal portion; this latter anterior part is somewhat horizontal and has a transverse depression at its base, its sides are nearly straight for half its length, but are then obliquely narrowed, the reflexed and truncate apical margin, however, occupies about one-half of the whole width; the frontal sculpture cousists of moderate longitudinal rugie near the sides, but the middle is nearly smooth ; there are no distinct punctures there.
The head is, | think, sufficiently differentiated from that of the other species to render its recognition easy when carefully compared with typical specimens, but as many other students may not possess these types, I now add brief notes for rererence.
P. truncatus.—Head short, its frontal portion flattened, but forming a rather abrupt declivity ; in shape it is, roughly, trausversely oval.
P. punctatus.—Head, in front, on nearly the same plane as in P, truncatus, but, instead of being transversely oviform,
56 Capt. T. Broun on new
it is greatly narrowed anteriorly, so as to be of somewhat triangular outline.
P. stupidus.— Head indefinitely transversely elevated on the middle, the clypeus much narrowed to the front, and the front edge in the middle a little reflexed and obscurely emarginate. Head rongh all over the upper surface.
P. nitidulus.—Head, in front, short, deflexed, narrowed anteriorly, but quite truncate at the middle of the apex ; there is no obvious transverse elevation limiting this clypeal portion from the vertex. Head almost smooth above, the frontal and lateral punctuation less coarse than is usually seen,
Length 9, breadth 5 lines.
Cromwell sand- hills, Molynenx River.
Described from a mutilated individual forwarded by Mr. J. H. Lewis.
Group Opatride.
Syrphetodes nodosalis, sp. n.
Opaque, fuscous, speckled with ochraceous and pale ferru- ginous squamee ; antenne, palpi, and tarsi ferruginous.
Thorax 2 lines broad by 13 long, exclusive of the anterior angles, which project as far as the front of the eyes; it is widest behind the middle; the sides are gradually widened anteriorly, sometimes there isa slight sinuosity there, towards the base they are distinctly sinuate; the posterior angles are acute; there is an obtuse elevation behind the middle; the front is emarginate and slightly raised, but the discoidal sculpture is quite hidden by the decumbent, variegate, setiform squame. Scutellum strongly transverse, dark fus- cous. Elytra oblong, gradually narrowed and rounded posteriorly ; at the base they are evidently wider than the thorax ; at each shoulder, but not forming a lateral pro- jection, there is an obtuse nodiform elevation; there is another at each side of the scutellum, two before the middle, and two more in line with these but placed further back ; an elongate elevation near the suture, on top of the hind slope, usually consists of two contiguous nodosities ; there are also some smaller inequalities; their sides are somewhat explanate, aud are marked with large fovee; the apex is triangularly excised; the discoidal punctures are very irregular, but there is a distinct sutural series on the posterior declivity.
Antenne stout, setose, reaching backwards to the shoulders ;
Genera and Species of New Zealand Coleoptera. 57
8rd joint twice the length of the 2nd; 4-8 of nearly equal length, but becoming more slender, terminal three joints minutely pubescent.
Legs elongate and maculate.
Underside nigro-fuscous, with depressed ochry set. Epipleure broad and plane.
Undoubtedly nearly allied to S. simplex, but differing therefrom in its broader thorax, which, moreover, is quite distinctly nodose above; the humeral angles are wider and less rounded, and the elytral nodosities are more numerous, though very much smaller than those seen on S. crenatus, S. dorsalis, and S. bullatus.
Length 43-53, breadth 12-2 lines.
Pelorus Sound. Found by Mr. J. J. Walker.
Var.—Joints 4 and 5 of the antenne slightly longer, more slender, and Icss setose. Thorax narrower, 13 line. The antemedian elytral nodosities obsolete. This probably is a sexual variety.
Paraphylax sternalis, sp. n.
Subquadrate, covered with a hard coating of fuscous sappy matter, through this some dark sete protrude; when de- nuded the surface is found to be slightly shining infuscate red.
Head smooth, much wider in line with the eyes than it is elsewhere, so that these organs appear very prominent; the clypeus is a little longer and narrower than is the case in P. binodosus, aud there is a fine central longitudinal groove between the eyes which is lacking in that species. Antenne with the basal joint transversely quadrate and having a very slender basal attachment ; 2nd hardly longer than Ist; 3rd stout, oviform, about twice the length of the preceding one ; joints 4-8 oviform, each becoming slightly shorter and narrower, all these more or less dark and somewhat scabrous ; Yth triangular, longer than broad, slender at base, distinctly longer than 8th, 10th of similar form, but rather shorter and broader, 11th rotundate—these last three red, with less and finer pubescence, their outstanding sete aiso are much finer. Thorax cordiform, transverse; the sides, when cleaned, appear flat, with an obtuse lateral lobe partially covering the front thigh; behind this they are curvedly narrowed, so that there is no trace of posterior angles; the disk isabruptly elevated, and bears two conspicuous nodosities in front, which are separated by a deep channel. Scutellum obsolete. Elytra quadrate, abruptly deflexed and contracted apically, their basal portion depressed and deeply incurved ;
58 On new Genera and Species of Coleoptera.
near the suture, on each, there is one regular series of:
distinct and moderately close punctures extending from base to apex ; the second series reaches from the apex to beyond the middle, but between it and the shoulder there are some irregular, oblique, and more distant rows; the series near the side are irregular and almost curvate ; the surface is uneven, but there are no well-defined nodosities. Legs variegated with brown, testaceous, or red, yet seldom constant, the sete similarly mottled.
Underside covered with infuscate matter and numerous flavescent sete. When carefully scraped the prosternum appears truncate instead of being somewhat emarginate; interposed between the front edge and the coxe there is a transverse groove, and behind this a distinet ridge; the cox are rather further apart than in P. binodosus, and the inter- vening space is plane instead of being concave, as it is in that species.
Length 24-3; breadth 14-14 lines.
Wellington.
Mr. G. V. Hudson kindly sent me some specimens of this interesting species.
Group Rhipiphoride. Rhypistena cryptarthra.
Narrow, elongate, dull black, clothed with short decumbent cinereous pubescence; antenne and tarsi fuscous, palpi paler.
Head densely and minutely punctate. Thorax very much, yet gradually, narrowed anteriorly, so that there it is not half the width of the lead; its base is deeply bisinuate, and the posterior angles clasp the shoulders; it is very obtusely elevated along the middle, and its sculpture is like that of the head. Scutel/lum large, iriangular. Elytra elongate, scarcely any wider than the thorax at the base; apices acutely rounded; they are closely and minutely sculptured, and have, on each, two or three indistinct coste. Tursi long and slender.
Anienneé elougate, basal jomt stout and evidently longer than third, second rather longer than broad, third haraly any longer than it is broad and slender at the base, fourth excessively short and almost indistinguishable ; joints 5-10 very short, each with a Jong slender lobe equalling the fcur basal joints taken together; eleventh equally elongate ; these seven lobes, in repose, are closely adapted to one another.
=a
On a new Species of Nemopteride. 59
The anterior didie are unarmed, the others are provided with small spurs; the hind claws are finely appendiculate, so that the extremity appears very slender.
The great length of the lobes and the abbreviation, or concealme ent, of the fourth joint of the antenne differentiate this species.
Length 34, breadth @ line.
Tarukenga. Two males taken off shrubs in the bush adjoining the Rotorua Railway.
Rhypistena sulciceps.
Opaque, black, clothed with depressed ash-coloured pubes- cence; the hairs on the head are, however, more distinct and almost quite grey ; legs fuscous, the front tibiz and the two anterior pairs of tarsi are of a pale chestnut colour.
Similar to R. dugubris, but differing therefrom in being more distinctly, yet finely, and more densely punctured, in having a well-marked furrow on the back of the head, and in the antennal structure. The basal joint of the antenne is almost as long as the following two conjointly, the third is not twice the length of the second, the fourth is very short, and the lobes of the others are stouter than those of that insect. The tibiz, excepting the front pair, have short slender spurs.
Length 32, breadth 3? line,
Mount Ar thnr. One example found by Messrs. Cheeseman and Adams many years ago.
[To be continued. ]
IX.—Description of a new Species of the Neuropterous Fumily Nemopteride. By W. F. Kirsy, F.L.S., F.E.S.
Since the publication of my notes on this family in the € Annals’ for 1600, the most important addition to it received in the Natural History Museum has been a long series of a new and rather variable species from. Asia Minor: which I describe below. I was at first inclined to think that more than one species might be represented among these specimens, but cannot find any tangible characters to subdivide them. The insects of this family, though of-considerable size and probably gregarious in their habits, are very frail, and are rarely received in any number or in good condition.
The present insect is most nearly allied to my genus Chasmatoptera, the type of which is an Australian insect ; but it is not unlikely that it may ultimately be referred to a new
60 On a new Species of Nemopteride.
genus, when the already described but imperfectly known allied forms,and others which no doubt remain to be discovered, can be fully studied.
Genus CHASMATOPTERA. Chasmatoptera, Kirb. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 462 (1900). The rather short, stout, and strongly pubescent antenne are quite sufficient to separate the type of this genus (Nemo- ptera Hutti’, Westw., from Australia) and the new species
described below from Halter, Ramb., in the typical species of which the antenne are slender, naked, and longer than the
body. Chasmatoptera Sheppardi, sp. n.
Dimensions. d. o.. mm. mm. AsO COED. 6S es. oon is 5s 12-14 3-14 Tip. Me Alin pate we 8s 36-40 38-46 Long ak pont. < ness 28-53 80-34
Antenne entirely black; head black above, often marked with yellow behind; face yellow, with a broad black median stripe extending to the end of the rostrum. Thorax black above, often spotted with yellow, especially in the male ; abdomen black above, with yellow incisions, and in the male with yellow dots between. Under surface of the body mostly yellow, of abdomen often reddish. Wings clear hyaline, with brown nervures; costal nervure slenderly blackish ; subcostal nervures and sometimes intermedian space yellowish. Hind wings with the shaft yellow, with two black dots on the outer side and one on the inner; at the extreme base short transverse lateral lines are sometimes visible. Beyond the middle the wing expands into a very bread spatulate lobe, with reticulated neuration, followed by a smaller and narrower one, and then by a short terminal lobe, rounded at the end. ‘lhe lobes are purplish brown, and in the male are preceded by a white space; and the contracted part of the wing between the lobes is white on each side, the shaft always remaining dark; in the female both lobes are often entirely dark, but the terminal lobe is always white.
Hab. Amanus Mountains, Asia Minor (Dr. Sheppard).
Much resembles the South African Nemoptera di/atata, Klug, which is probably congeneric if the antenne are pubescent, which the figure and description do not show. In that species, however, the head is yellow above.
Mr. W. L. Distant on Heteroptera. 61
X.—Rhynchotal Notes—XXIV. By W. L. Distant.
THESE notes and descriptions refer to species which are all contained or represented in the British Museum.
HETEROPTERA. Fam. Coreide.
Mictis loricata, sp. n.
Above metallic green; antenne, membrane, two large oblong discal spots to pronotum, and the corium (excluding lateral margins) dull black; head above, body beneath, and legs ochraceous ; uppersides of femora and tibize (the last ex- cluding apical thirds) castaneous ; odoriferous apertures, three spots on second, third, fourth, and fifth, and a curved fascia on sixth abdominal segments black ; first and fourth joints of antennz longest and subequal in length, second longer than third ; pronotum rugulose and coarsely punctate, its lateral margins coarsely serrate ; scutellum transversely rugulose ; corium sparingly deeply punctate; a short obtuse tubercle on each side of second and third abdominal segments.
3. Posterior femora incrassate, curved, with a series of short tubercles on apical third of under surface ; posterior tibie slender, inwardly dilated into an acute spine beyond middle.
Long., ¢ ?, 26-28 mm.
Hab. Congo Region: Augola (Brit. Mus.).
This appears to be the species figured in T'lomson’s Archiv, Entomol. as J. metallicus, Sign., to which the species is allied, but may always (apart from structural characters) be differentiated by the two large discal spots, sometimes fused, to the pronotum, and by the three spots to the second, third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments. ‘he type of Signoret’s species being in the Vienna Museum, I wrote to Dr. Handlirsch on the subject, who kindly examined the M. metallicus, and wrote me as follows:—‘‘ There are two type specimens in our museum, in both of which the pronotum is unicolorous, and there are two rows of black spots on segments 2-5.” I have seen a very long series of both species.
Fam. Pyrrhocoride.
Physopelta melanoptera, sp. n.
Black ; lateral and posterior margins of pronotum, corium,
62 Mr. W. L. Distant on Heteroptera
and connexivum sanguineous; clavus, a very large medial spot, and apical angle to corium black ; antenne pilose, basal half of fourth joint stramineous, first joint slightly shorter than second, longer than third; pronotum with the posterior area coarsely punctate, lateral margins somewhat strongly reflexed ; clavus coarsely and somewhat thickly punctate ; rostrum passing the posterior cox and about reaching centre of second abdominal segment.
Long. 103-123 mm.
flab. West Atrica: Cameroons (Brit. Mus.),
Alhed to P. analis, Sign., but differing by the longer rostrum, different colour, &e.
Fam. Capside.
Peeciloscytus cuneatus. Lygus cuneatus, Dist. Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch. i. p. 435, t. xxxvii. fio. 24 (April 1893). Peciloscytus (Lygus) cuneatus, Uhler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 192. Peeciloscytus obscurus, Uhler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893 (November), p. 715.
Paracarnus grenadensis, sp. n. Paracarnus mevicanus, Uhler (nec Dist.), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 194.
Pronotum more elongate than in P. mexicanus, basal margin of scutellum concolorous, not fuscous; spots at apex of clavus and narrow transverse fascia at apex of corium bright san- guineous, not fuscous ; body narrower and more elongate.
Long. 3 mm.
fab. \sland of Grenada: Balthazar (ZZ. Smith, Brit. Mus.).
_ Annona Smitht, sp. n. Annona labeculata, Uhler (nec Dist.), Proc. Zool. Soc, 1894, p. 194.
A much narrower species than A. labeculata; pronoteum (with the exception of the anterior collar) shining black, not ochraceous ; basal half of clavus not castaneous, but its inner margins fuscous; corium with a subapical transverse fuscous fascia not reaching lateral margins.
Long. 24 mm.
Hab. \sland of Grenada: near Balthazar (H, Smith, Brit, Mus.).
Annona antilleana, sp. 0. Mala decoloris, Uhler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 705.
Head, anterior frontal collar, and scutellum pale shining stramineous, glabrous ; pronotum (excluding anterior collar
in cite cat i a a i i i
in the British Museum. 63
and lateral and posterior margins) ochraceously punctate ; clavus ochraceous; corium and membrane pale hyaline ; antenne dark ochraceous ; apices of second and third joints fuscous ; eyes fuscous; body beneath and legs stramineous ; lateral margins of head beneath and sternum ochraceous.
Long. 3 mm.
Hab. Island of St. Vincent (H. Smzth, Brit. Mus.).
This species has little in common with Annona decoloris,
Dist.
Fam. Gelastocoridz. Subfam. Mowonrcury 2.
Mononyx luteovartus, sp. n.
Fuscous; lateral margins of head and pronotum, clavus, basal lateral margins of corium and connexivum pale Inteous, spotted with tuscous ; body beneath black ; head beneath pale luteous with corresponding marginal markings to those above; femora dark brownish castaneous ; apices of femora and the tibiae and tarsi ochraceous; anterior tarsi and bases and apices of intermediate and posterior tarsi piceous. Head with two prominent tubercles between eyes, apex concavely sinuate, with two obtuse spines and another similar spine on each side nearer eyes ; pronotum with the disk profoundly excavated, a transverse 1npression a little behind anterior margin and another beyond middle, the last crossed by three prominent strie, lateral margins ampliately rotundately produced ; head, pronotum, and scutellum thickly punctate ; apex of scutellum, mottlings to corium, and apical margin to membrane pale luteous.
Long. 84; exp. pronot. ang]. 63 millim.
Lab. Queensland: Townsville (f. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).
Fam. Nepidz.
Genus LACCOTREPHES.
Laccotrephes flavovenosa.
Nepa flavo-venosa, Dohrn, Stett. ent. Zeit. xvi. p. 409 (1860), Laccvtrephes japonensis, Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xiv. p. 450 (1874). The British Museum contains specimens from India, Ceylon, Siam, Formosa, China, and Japan, including Scott’s type.
G4. Mr. W. L. Distant on Leteroptera
Laccotrephes calear, sp. n.
Fuscous brown ; abdomen above purplish brown, the apical segment brownish ochraceous ; wings pale lacteous hyaline, the veins ochraceous ; anterior femora with a long curved subbasal spine on their under surface, its apex ochraceous ; pronotum long, about as long as the intermediate femora, its surface finely granulate or tubercnlate, its central carina prominent, its basal margin strongly concavely sinuate before scutellum, which is about as long as pronotum from before the basal transverse constriction; abdominal ap- pendages more or less mutilated.
Long. body, excl. append., 49 mm.
Hab, Nigeria: Abutshi River (Brit. Mus.).
A species peculiar by the long (3 mm.) curved basal spine to the anterior femora.
Laccotrephes nyase, sp. n.
Very dark fuscous or piceous ; abdomen above black, with a large pale ochraceous space occupying about half the area of the second segment, nearly the whole of the third and fourth segments, and the central area of the fifth segment; wings pale hyaline, with the veins dark fuscous; femora with a more or less distinct greyish annulation a little beyond middle, and tibiz similarly marked a little beyond base. Appendages much longer than body, not quite twice the length; pronotum sparingly finely granulate or tuberculate, the central carinew strongly pronounced, before scutellum strongly concavely excavated ; sternum finely granulate or tuberculate.
Long. body, excl. append., 40-42; length append. 68 mm.
Hab. Nyasaland: Nyika Mountains, 6000-7000 feet (A. Whyte, Brit. Mus.).
This species may be primarily recognized by the peculiar coloration of the upper surface of the abdomen and by the very long abdominal appendages.
Genus RANATRA.
Ranatra fuscoannulata, sp. n.
Tawny brown; legs ochraceous, intermediate and posterior legs annulated with fuscous ; corium with marginal series of linear black spots; abdomen above reddish ochraceous, its apex piceous ; metasternum bilobed ; apex of membrane not passing the fifth abdominal segment ; anterior femora with a
At ea 6
in the British Museum. 65
strong spine just beyond middle; intermediate and posterior femora shorter than either the hemelytra or tibie; eyes moderately large and prominent; pronotum considerably less than half the length of abdomen ; abdominal appendages more or less mutilated. Long., excl. abdom. append., 35 mm. eee EK. Centr. Africa: Ruwenzori (Scott Hiliot, Brit. us.).
Ranatra cinnamomea, sp. n.
Cinnamon-brown ; abdomen above dull red, the connexivum ochraceous ; anterior margin of head beneath black; pro- notum beneath longitudinally fuscous ; metasternum ovate, with its lateral margins incised; apex of membrane not reaching the sixth abdominal segment; anterior femora with a strong spine beyond middle; intermediate and posterior femora about as long as the hemelytra and a little shorter than the tibiee ; eyes large and prominent; pronotum about half the length of abdomen; abdominal appendages much longer than the body.
Long., excl. abdom. append., 38-39; length abdom. append. 50 mm.
Hab. 8. Atrica: Pirie Bush (A. N. Stenning); Durban (Brit. Mus.).
Ranatra varicolor, sp. n.
Fuscous brown; head ochraceous; about apical half of pronotum, anterior cox, abdomen beneath, intermediate and posterior legs piceous or black ; abdomen above dull red, its apex piceous, the connexivum ochraceous ; hemelytra more or less mottled with ochraceous ; metasternum oblong, centrally depressed ; apex of membrane reaching the fifth abdominal segment ; anterior femora mutilated ; intermediate and poste- rior femora a little shorter than the hemelytra and also shorter than the tibize ; eyes large and prominent ; pronotum about half the length of abdomen; abdominal appendages much longer than the body.
Se eEEss excl. abdom. append., 44; length abdom. append. mm.
Hab, “South Africa” (Brit. Mus.).
Ranatra natalensis, sp. n.
Allied to R. varicolor, but differing by the unicolorous hemelytra, head and legs concolorous; metasternum broadly and promineutly centrally sulcate ; apex of abdomen brownish
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xiv. 5)
66 Mr. G. M. Thomson on a
ochraceous, not piceous; membrane reaching the base of the fifth abdominal segment; intermediate and posterior femora longer than the hemelytra, but shorter than the tibiz ; pronotum about half the length of abdomen; abdominal appendages mutilated.
Long., excl. abdom. append., 35 mm.
Hab. Natal: Durban (Brit. Mus.).
Ranatra sordidula.
Ranatra sordidula, Dohrn, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxi. p. 409 (1860). Ranatra unicolor, Scott, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xiv. p. 452 (1874).
Synonymic Nore.
Philia jactator.
Philia jactator, St&l, GEfv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1854, p. 231. Philia fenestrata, Bredd. Abh. Ges. Halle, xxiv. p. 35 (1901).
Mr. Kirkaldy showed me a cotype of Breddin’s species.
XI.—A new Family of Crustacea Isopoda. By Grorce M. Tuomson, F.L.S.
[Plate I.]
In the ‘ Mission de l’Ie Campbell,’ published in 1885, the late Dr. Filhol briefly described (p. 492) an Isopod obtained at Stewart Island as Zdotea Stewarti, and figured it at pl. li. figs. 8 and 9. The following is a translation of the very brief description :—
“Inner antenne very short, 4-jointed; terminal joint elongated, slightly enlarged in the middle. Its apex reaches the end of the second joint of the outer antenne. ‘The latter are 5-jointed ; their lower margin is furnished with numerous harsh hairs. The three first pairs of feet increase in size posteriorly ; their third, fourth, and fifth joints are furnished with numerous hairs on their lower margins; the claws are long, slender, recurved, and acute. The last segment is elongated and rounded at its apex.”
Among some Crustacea received from my friend Dr. Chilton, from Mr. H. Drew of Wanganui, were two dried specimens of this species.
In 1900, during trawling-operations on the east coast of
new Family of Crustacea Isopoda. 67
this island (the south island of New Zealand), two more specimens of this species were taken in about 40 fathoms.
A superficial examination satisfied me that the species was not an /dotea at all, while a closer inspection showed that, while belonging to the tribe Valvifera, it did not come under any of the existing families—Idotheide, Arcturide, or Cheeti- liidee—differing from them in the possession of a 3-jointed palp on the mandibles. I have therefore to institute not only a new genus, but a new family. At the suggestion of my friend the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing I have named it Holo- gnathus (6Xos and yva8os).
Tribe VALVIFERA.
Family Holognathide.
Resembles Idotheide in general appearance, but the mandibles bear a 3-jointed palp.
Genus HOLOGNATHUS, nov.
Body elongated, depressed ; coxal plates well defined, except in first segment of mesosome. Cephalon distinctly divided into two parts by a transverse fissure; posterior portion short. Abdomen 5-jointed, four small joints pre- ceding the large terminal one. yes distinct, lateral. Superior antenne 4-jointed; inferior antenne pediform, flagellum 1-jointed. Mandibles strong, with the cutting-edge produced into an acute lobe, molar tubercle well developed ; palp 3-jointed. Maxille normal. Maxillipeds with a 5-jointed palp. Legs stout, somewhat uniform in structure ; claw strong, hook-like, and unequally bidentate at the apex. Anterior pairs of pleopoda with smooth broad lamelle; two posterior pairs with setose branches. Uropoda lamellar, valve-like ; outer part cut off by a transverse suture and bearing a second setose plate on the inner face. Incubatory pouch normal.
Holognathus Stewarti, Filhol. (Pl. I.)
1885. Idotea Stewarti, Filhol, Mission de 1 Tle Cainpbell, p. 492, pl. li. figs. 8 & 9.
The body is elongated, that of the male being 40 mm. long and 11 mm. broad, "of nearly even width throughout, con- vexly rounded above.
‘The cephalon has the front margin nearly transverse, very
slightly hollowed in the middle, and slightly ee at the
e
68 On a new Family of Crustacea Isopoda.
infero-anterior angle; from below its front margin on the median line there projects a small process which is separated by a fissure from the acute ridge of the upper lip. On its posterior margin the median line of the cephalon is received into a deep indentation of the first segment of mesosome, and it is distinctly divided into two articulations by a transverse fissure.
The mesosome is nearly two thirds the length of the whole body ; the first segment has no separate coxal plate; the
lates of the second to the fourth segments are short; on the fifth to the seventh they are well developed and acutely produced backwards.
The first segment of the mesosome is broad and is slightly produced forwards at the sides; on the median line it is hollowed to receive the cephalon, and on its dorsal surface it bears a transverse suture like an imperfect articulation ; its posterior margin is nearly transverse. The second, third, and fourth segments are narrow, subequal in width, and trans- verse; the fifth, sixth, and seventh are slightly broader.
The metasome shows five distinct joints, the first four being very narrow, while the last is produced into a large terminal piece, which is evenly rounded behind.
The eyes are placed obliquely near the antero-lateral margin of the cephalon ; they are nearly linear in form and contain several hundred facets.
The inner antennez are small and have a peduncle of three joints, of which the basal is much the stoutest ; the flagellum is 1-jointed and is nearly as long as the peduncle, and is directed upwards. .
The outer antenne are 23 mm. in length and pediform. They are 5-jointed, and bear a short 1-jointed flagellum, which ends in a tuft of hairs.
The mandibles have a strong bidentate cutting-edge, bearing a second much shorter lobe on the inner side; the spine-row is short and carries 5 or 6 short curved spines ; the molar tubercle is thick and strong; in front of the palp the basal portion is produced into a rounded tooth.
The palp of the maxillipeds is 5-jointed, the terminal joint being lamellate and rounded at the end.
The legs are strong and are furnished along the lower sides of the merus, ischium, and carpus with thick tufts of hairs. The first three pairs are directed forwards and are thickly fringed on the lower margins of their joints with these harsh hairs ; the dactyla are long, slender, and curved, and end in the usual brown spines, which are furnished with a short spine at their base. The fourth pair of legs are quite short,
On the Body-cavities &c. of the Actinotrocha. 69
the last five joints being much contracted and furnished on their inferior outer margins with rows of short pectinate spines. The fifth to seventh pairs are directed backwards and increase in length posteriorly ; they have strongly curved dactyla.
The uropoda are large, lamellar, and valve-like, folding over and almost completely covering the abdominal cavity ; the posterior third is cut off by a transverse suture, forming a separate plate, which on its inner side bears a smaller fringed plate; these two branches thus complete the valvular flaps.
On opening out the uropods five pairs of pleopoda, each with two well-developed oblong plates all closely folded over one another, are displayed. The plates of the first two pairs are thickly fringed with fine sete on the margins; those of the last three pairs are simply branchial.
Hab. As already noted, this species has been obtained at Stewart Island (no special locality or depth given), at Timaru in 40 fathoms, and (presumably) at or near Wanganui in the North Island.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Holognathus Stewarti, Filhol.
Fig. 1. Animal, dorsal view, nat. size. Fig. 2. Ditto, lateral view, nat. size. Fig, 3. Inner antenna. vg. 4. Outer antenna. Fig. 5. Upper lip. Fig. 6. Lower lip. Fig. 7. Left mandible. Fig. 8. Right mandible, from inside. Fig. 9. Ditto, from outside. Fig. 10, First maxilla. Fig. 11. Second maxilla,
Fig. 12. Maxillipeds, Fig. 13. Uropod.
XII.— Origin and Fate of the Body-cavities and the Nephridia of the Actinotrocha. By R. P. Cowes, Ph.D., Adam T. Bruce Fellow in Zoology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.*
Since 1846, when J. Miiller discovered Acténotrocha bran- chiata, many investigators have turned their attention to the anatomy and development of Phoronis ; but it is only within
* From the ‘Johns Hopkins University Circular, April 1904, pp. 28-37.
70 Dr. R. P. Cowles on the Body-cavities and
the last twenty-five years that a more or less careful exam- ination of the internal anatomy of the larvee and adults of this most interesting animal has been made.
During this time quite a number of papers have been written on the embryology of several species of Phoronis, and these are remarkable for the great disagreements concerning certain fundamental facts in the development. However, the conflicting nature of these descriptions, it seems to me, is probably very largely due to specific differences.
The above accounts, together with attempts to trace a relationship between Phoronis and the Chordates, or even the Vertebrates, through the Actinotrocha, have stimulated in- vestigation, with the result that within the last two years several papers have appeared which practically agree on ceitain important points of special theoretical interest.
Body-cavities.—Reference to the literature published on the larval body-cavities of the Actinotrocha shows that our knowledge is in a very perplexing state. One investigator finds a single body-cavity, others tell us there are two, another describes three body-cavities, and one worker claims that there are five.
Roule is the only investigator who considers the Actino- trecha to have but one body-cavity. He denies the presence of any mesenteries in the larva of Phoronis Sabatiert, and says that the lining of the body-cavity has its origin from mesenchymatous cells which arise partly from the endoderm and partly from the ‘ bandelettes mesoblastiques ” (nephridial
it).
, I have been able to examine the Actinotroche of P. Sabatiert through the kindness of M. Mare de Sélys-Longchamps, and have tound that there is a mesentery present along the line of the tentacles as in other species, but that it is not very highly developed. With the material at hand I am unable to give any opinion as to the presence of a mesentery anterior to this one.
Caldwell, from a study of the development of Phoronis Kowalevskii, finds that the Acténotrocha has but two body- cavities, separated from one another by a mesentery which is inserted along the line of the bases of the tentacles. This investigator claims that the mesoderm arises partly from
archenteric diverticula bilaterally placed immediately back of
the blastopore, partly from the walls of the archenteron posterior to this, and partly from the posterior pits (nephridial pit), which he considers to be of endodermal origin. Longchamps, who has recently studied the same form, denies that archenteric diverticula exist. He recognizes a
—
the Nephridia of the Actinotrocha. 71
transverse mesentery inserted along the line of the bases of the tentacles, a ventral mesentery in the posterior body-cavity, and an incomplete transverse mesentery separating the hood from the rest of the body. ‘This latter, however, be believes is a secondary structure, and so considers the Actinotrocha to have two body-cavities—one in front of the mesentery along the line of the tentacles, and one back of this.
The lining of the former he finds has its origin from meso- derm-cells arising in a diffuse manner from the walls of the archenteron ; the lining of the latter, he seems to think, may arise from cells of the nephridial pits.
Menon’s paper deals only with the full-grown Actinotrocha, and his study leads him to believe that this creature has three body-cavities, separated from one another by two complete transverse mesenteries corresponding to the incomplete mesentery and the mesentery along the line of the tentacles of which Longchamps speaks. He also recognizes the exist- ence of a ventral mesentery and indications of a dorsal mesentery in the posterior body-cavity.
Masterman, from a study of the early stages in the deve- lopment of P. Buskii, considers that five body-cavities are represented in the Actinotrocha—one median anterior and two pairs of body-cavities back of this one. According to his account of the anatomy of the Actinotrocha, however, there are but three body-cavities, which he calls the preoral, collar-, and trunk-cavities. He describes the same mesen- teries that Menon speaks of, and beside these a dorsal mesentery in the collar-cavity.
Ikeda’s description of the body-cavities of the Japanese Actinotroche is of special interest because he is the first to describe a mesodermal sac arising immediately in front of the mesentery along the line of the tentacles. This sac makes its appearance rather late in the life of the larva and, after meta- morphosis, gives rise to the lining of the supraseptal cavity of the adult. Ikeda finds the same mesenteries in the Actino- irocha that Longchamps does, and also describes the mesentery back of the preoral lobe as incomplete. He has scarcely anything to say concerning the origin of the mesenteries, but he finds that the mesoderm arises, in part at least, from two bilaterally placed archenteric diverticula.
Goodrich has recently published a paper on the body- cavities of the Actinotrocha, and his observations confirm those of Ikeda.
From the above review of the recent literature on the body-cavities and mesenteries of the Actinotrocha it is seen that all but Roule, and possibly Caldwell, recognize the
72 Dr. R. P. Cowles on the Body-cavities and
presence of a mesentery between the cavity of the preoral lobe and that of the collar. Longchamps, Ikeda, and Good- rich agree that this structure is incomplete, and the former considers it to be asecondary structure. Menon, and probably Masterman, on the other hand, consider it to be a complete mesentery.
I have studied the two Actcnotroche found in the harbour of Beaufort, North Carolina, and I am inclined to think that one of these is the Actinotrocha of Phoronis architecta. In both species there is an incomplete mesentery between the preoral lobe and the collar-cavities and a complete one between the collar- and trunk-cavities. The trank-cavity contains a ventral mesentery, and in one species indications of a dorsal mesentery, but there is no sign of a dorsal mesen- tery such as Masterman describes for the collar-cavity.
There seems to be more or less inclination on the part of those who have investigated the Actinotrocha since the appear- ance of Masterman’s paper to doubt the correctness of the latter’s observation as to the five-fold origin of the body- cavities from the enteron.
Sagittal section through gastrula of Phoronis architecta, x 704. g-, ganglion ; 0./., blastopore ; m.p.s., mesodermal preoral sac.
I do not find that the origin of the mesoderm in Phoronis architecta agrees with Masterman’s account for Phoronis Buskit, nor do I find that the mesoderm arises from archenteric diverticula. My observations agree more closely with those
—
the Nephridia of the Actinotrocha. 73
of Longchamps, but we differ concerning the origin of the lining of the preoral lobe and the lobe-collar mesentery.
As in the form studied by Longchamps, the anterior and. lateral borders of the blastopore are most active in giving rise to mesoderm-cells, and in the gastrula-stage, where the blastopore-lips have closed up somewhat, the mesoderm-cells which have arisen from the anterior border of the blastopore become arranged into a definite sac (fig. 1). Later this sac bends around the anterior end of the archenteron, so as to become horseshoe-shaped, and its anterior wall becomes the lining of the preoral lobe, while its posterior wall becomes the lobe-collar mesentery. At this stage the latter is complete, and it remains so until the preoral lobe begins to take on the shape of the hood. The larva of Phoronis architecta is an exceptionally favourable one for studying the origin of this mesentery, because of the spacious blastoccel, and there is not the least doubt but that it is a definite structure and that it has not a secondary origin.
In the larva of Phoronis architecta the lining of the collar- segment does not arise as it does in the preoral lobe. It has its origin largely, or possibly entirely, from isolated mesoderm- cells, which come trom the lateral lips of the blastopore. These cells, however, do not form a complete lining to the collar-cavity, but arrange themselves on the somatic wall, leaving at least the lateral and ventral walls of the stomach free from any lining. This condition continues throughout the life of the Actinotrocha (fig. 2). The early stages that we have been considering show no sign of the mesentery which is found between the collar- and trunk-cavities of the fully-formed Actinotrocha. In fact, the trunk-segment does not exist at this time.
Iam still in doubt as to the origin of the lining of the trunk-cavity and also as to the manner in which the mesen- tery arises between the latter and the collar-cavity. In larvee with two pairs of tentacles the trunk-cavity is not present, but in larve with the beginnings of four pairs of tentacles it makes its appearance. ‘lhis stage in the development of the Actinotrocha of Phoronis architecta is very difficult to obtain, however, and I have never taken but one specimen (fig. 3).
Longchamps has called attention to a figure of a young Actinotrocha in Hatschek’s ‘ Lehrbuch’ which shows the lining of the trunk-segment arising from two ccelomic sacs. Hatschek does not describe the origin of these sacs, but Longchamps asks whether or not the lining of the trunk- cavity may not arise from part of the “ diverticule ecto- blastique ” (nephridial pit).
74 Dr. R. P. Cowles on the Body-cavities and
I believe that the cavity of the trunk is formed in the following manner:—As the tentacles grow out and increase in number the posterior region of the larva about the rectum increases greatly in length. In doing the latter the meso- dermal lining of the collar is drawn away from the somatic
Vig. 2.—Longitudinal section through young larva, not quite sagittal, x 704. ¢.c., collar-cavity; g., ganglion; m.', mesentery be- tween lobe- and collar-cavities ; ”.p., nephridial pit ; p.0.c., cavity of preoral lobe.
Fig. 5.—Young larva of Phoronis architecta ; three pairs of tentacles and beginnings of the fourth pair, x 225. .¢., collar-cavity ; e2-c., excretory cells; g., ganglion; 2.', mesentery between lobe- and collar-cavities; m.*, mesentery between collar- and trunk- cavities; ¢., tentacle; ¢.c., cavity of trunk.
wall in the region back of the tentacular band, and a cavity is left containing the rectum, part of the stomach, and the proximal part of the nephridial diverticula. At the same time this is taking place certain cells, which may have their origin from the base of the nephridial diverticula, give rise to the lining of the cavity of the trunk. As to the manner of the origin of these cells, I am still in doubt. I have not been able to find two ccelomic sacs which Hatschek has figured, and I have hunted for them in larve where the diverticula
the Nephridia of the Actinotrocha. 75
are just beginning to form and also in larve with two, four, and six tentacles. In one specimen with two tentacles, however, I have found an arrangement of mesodermal cells on the dorsal side of the intestine which seems to be the beginning of a sac; this, however, is not paired. Whether or not this sac and its cavity give rise to the lining and cavity of the trunk I cannot say, for I have found but a single specimen in which this condition exists (fig. 4).
One thing is certain—the fully developed trunk-cavity of the Actinotrocha has a distinct mesodermal lining, consisting of a somatic and a splanchnic layer (fig. 5). As far as I know, all Actinotroche have a ventral mesentery ; this tends to support the view that the lining of the cavity of the trunk has its origin in a sac which grows around the rectum and posterior part of the stomach. Whether or not the fact that there is an indication of a dorsal mesentery in the posterior region of some of the fully developed Acténotroche (tig. 5) has any bearing on the double origin of the cavity of the trunk I cannot say, for I have never seen the very young larve of these forms.
Besides the larval body-cavities there is a mesodermal sac discovered by Ikeda, which arises between the mesodermal lining of the collar-cavity and the ventral ectoderm at a rather late stage in the development of the Actinotrocha (fig. 5). I have nothing to add to Ikeda’s description of this structure, the cavity of which becomes the supraseptal cavity of the adult.
My observations on the fate of the body-cavities and mesenteries of the Actinotrocha agree with those of Ikeda. The preoral lobe and the lobe-collar mesentery are lost during metamorphosis, the collar-cavity and its lining become the ring-vessel of the adult, the cavity of the mesodermal sac between the mesodermal lining of the collar-cavity and the ventral ectoderm becomes the supraseptal cavity of the adult, the trunk-cavity, including the cavity of the ventral pouch, is transformed into the infraseptal body-cavity, and the mesentery between the collar- and trunk-cavities becomes the transverse septum of the adult.
Nephridia.—Caldwell was the first to describe the nephridia of the Acténotrocha, although earlier investigators saw the bunches of excretory cells at the ends of the nephridial canals. The account which Caldwell gives us is very brief, but he makes the observation that the nephridial canals end blindly within the collar-cavity.
Longchamps’s view agrees with that of Caldwell, while Masterman and Menon find that the nephridial canals of the Actinotrocha open into the collar-cavity through one or more
76 Dr. R. P. Cowles on the Body-cavities and
Fig. 4.—Longitudinal section through larva with two tentacles, x 704. c.c., collar-cavity ; c.t.r., ciliated tentacular ring; g., ganglion ; m.', mesentery between lobe- and collar-cavities: «., indication of a mesodermal sac,
Fig. 5.—Longitudinal section through an Actinotrocha from Beaufort Harbour, x 112. a.c.c., adult collar-cavity ; b.c., blood-cor- puscles; ¢.c., larval collar-cavity ; d.m., indication of dorsal mesentery; d.v., dorsal blood-vessel ; g., ganglion ; m.', mesen- tery between lobe- and collar-cavities ; m.*, mesentery between collar- and trunk-cavities ; p.0.c., preoral body-cavity ; p.1. peri- anal ring ; p.s., perianal sinus ; sen.p., sensory papilla; t.c., trunk- cavity ; v.m., ventral mesentery ; v.p., ventral pouch,
the Nephridia of the Actinotrocha. 77
funnels. Ikeda and Roule, on the other hand, tell us that they end blindly.
Goodrich has recently published a paper on the nephridia of the Actinotrocha, and has given a very complete and accu- rate description of their anatomy. My observations on these organs for two different species of Actcnotroche confirm his work in nearly every detail. I find that the nephridial canal does not open by funnels into the collar-cavity, but that it ends in a thin-walled bulb, from the surface of which many thin-walled tubular processes or excretory cells radiate (fig. 6).
Longitudinal section through nephridinm of an Actinotrocha from Beaufort Harbour, xX 1200. ea.c., excretory canal; ea.p., excretory process ; 7i., flagellum ; neph.c., nephridial canal.
These are really continuations of the blind end of the nephridial canal, and the lumen of each process is continuous proximally with that of the latter, but distally it is closed by a cell-like structure possessing one or more nuclei (fig. 6, ew.c.). Each tubular process contains a flagellum which arises from the cell at the tip of the former. Goodrich claims that there
78 Bibliographical Notice.
is but one nucleus at the end of each process, but I find in the Actinotrocha of Phoronts architecta that there may be two. (This conclusion is not drawn from bent nuclei, although I admit that such exist.) .
It is, 1 think, a fairly well-established fact that the posterior pit (fig. 2, n.p.) and its wall become transformed into the nephridial canals of the Actcnotrocha, and if we assume that the pit is of ectodermal origin, which seems to be the case in Phoronis architecta, we may say that the canals are of ecto- dermal origin. There is still some doubt as to whether the tubular processes or excretory cells arise from the blind ends of the nephridial canals, or whether they represent mesoderm- cells which have become applied to the wall in that region. Ikeda describes such mesoderm-cells, but I have never seen them in the larvee of Phoronis architecta. In fact, all the observations that I have made lead me to believe that the excretory cells arise from the blind ends of the nephridial canals.
The nephridia which Masterman says exist in the preoral lobe are not present in either of the Acténotroche from Beaufort Harbour, nor are there any nephridia (Masterman now denies the existence of these) in the region of the perianal ring.
During metamorphosis, as Ikeda has described, the excre- tory cells and a large part of the nephridial canals are lost, and the great changes which take place in the relation of the different parts causes their openings to be brought closer to the anal region. [I am not prepared to say, however, that they become the nephridial pores of the adult.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.
Monograph of the Coccidee of the British Isles. By Rosert New- strap, Curator of the Grosvenor Museum, Chester. Vol. I. pp. xii, 220; pls. A-E, 1-34... Vol. Il. pp. vii, 270; pls. F, 35-75. London: printed for the Ray Society, 1901 & 1903.
Sryce the first publications of the Ray Society appeared in 1844, the Society has published a long series of valuable monographs, chiefly, but not exclusively, dealing with the Fauna of the British Islands ; and the concluding volume of Mr. Newstead’s great work on the Coccide has just appeared, under the management of Mr. John Hopkinson, F.L.8., who succeeded to the post of Secretary on the death of Rey. Prof. Wiltshire last year.
The Coccide, or Scale-Insects, are extremely destructive in gardens,
Geological Society. 79
orchards, and greenhouses, but within the last few years have been comparatively neglected by entomologists ; and before the appearance of the present work almost the only recent information relating to the British species was to be found in papers by Mr. J. W. Douglas and Mr, R. Newstead in successive volumes of the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine.’ In the exhaustive and beautifully illustrated volumes before us Mr. Newstead deals with eighty-eight British species and four varieties. Many of these are doubtless introduced, for Coccide are very liable to be carried from one country to another with plants, to which the gravid apterous females firmly attach themselves, covering their eggs with their own dead bodies, whereas the males are very delicately formed and fragile winged insects.
Outside Europe the Coccide have been more especially studied in North America, Ceylon, and New Zealand; and very recently Mrs. Maria E. Fernald, A.M., has published a Catalogue of the Coccide of the World, as Bulletin no. 8 of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, in which she enumerates 1514 species. ‘There can be no question but that the existing number of species is very much larger—how much larger it would be futile even to hazard a guess at present.
Mr. Newstead’s first volume includes a good deal of introductory matter, under such headings as life-history and metamorphoses ; natural products; migration, distribution, acclimatization, &c.; natural enemies ; collecting and preserving, methods of prevention and remedies; insecticides, &c.; and the monograph of the subfamily Diaspinee. The second yolume contains the monographs of the subfamilies Conchaspinz, Lecaniinz, Hemicoccine, Dactylopiine, Coccinz, Ortheziine, and Monophlebine, four other subfamilies (the Tachardiine, Idiococcine, Brachysceline, and Margarodine) being at present unrepresented in the British Isles.
Many Coccidee exude a large amount of waxy matter, often taking the form of regular lamin, as may be seen very conspicuously on the last two plates of Mr. Newstead’s book.
All Coccide are not injurious, and several foreign specics yield valuable products, such as cochineal, wax, and lac; while others yield honey-dew, and some species are domesticated by ants.
PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. April 27th, 1904.—J. E. Marr, Sc.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The following communication was read :—
‘On a New Species of Hoscorpius from the Upper Carboniferous Rocks of Lancashire.’ By Walter Baldwin, Esq., F'.G.8., and William Henry Sutcliffe, Esq., F.G.5.
‘The specimen described was found in an ironstone-nodule occurring
80 Miscellaneous.
on a fairly well-marked horizon, about 135 feet above the Royley Mine (or Arley Mine) coal-seam, at Sparth Bottoms, about half a mile south-west of Rochdale Town-Hall. The nodules occur in a band of blue shale, in which are well-preserved remains of Carbonicola acuta, ferns, Calamaria, Prestwichia rotundata, and Bellinurus bellulus. The animal is well represented by both the intaglio and relievo impressions: these, however, only show its dorsal aspect. A description of the specimen is given, and it is referred to a new species. Dr. Peach is of opinion that, like the recent scorpions, the ancient species visited the sea-shore in search of the eggs of invertebrates left bare by the tides, and the association of this new scorpion with king-crabs at Sparth Bottoms is in favour of this view. The specimen has been presented to the Manchester Museum.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Note on Hinulia pardalis of Macleay. By G. A. Bourznesr, F.R.S.
Tue lizard which bears this name was so imperfectly described by Macleay in 1877 (Journ. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. p. 62), from a collection made at Katow, New Guinea, that, when revising the Scincide in 1887, I could refer to it only in a footnote (Cat. Liz.
li. p. 209) appended to the general synonymy of the genus Lygosoma.
' I have now received, through the kindness of Mr. S. J. Johnston, of the Technological Museum, Sydney, a specimen collected by Mr, A. E. Finckh on Lizard Island, Queensland, which, he informs me, he has compared with the type of Hinulia pardalis in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney, and found identical with it. From this specimen I conclude that 4. pardalis is the same as Lygosoma elegantulum, Peters & Doria (Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 344), and, as the former name has priority, I propose in future to designate this rather common species as Lygosoma pardalis, Macleay.
nn Tes.
THE ANNALS MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [SEVENTH SERIES]
No. 80. AUGUST 1904.
XIIT.—On some Echinothurids from Japan and the Indian Ocean. By Dr. Tut. Morrensen, Copenhagen.
[Plates II.-V.]
In the autumn of 1902 Professor I’. Jeffrey Bell sent me six specimens of Japanese Kchinothurids, asking me to examine them. I found them to belong to three different genera and species, two specimens of each. One of them proved to he an interesting new species of Arcosoma, the two others to be identical with the two species described by Yoshiwara, Asthenosoma iimat and A. longispinum, two species as yet insufficiently known, so that I had to leave it undecided in my revision of the Echinothuride in the ‘ Ingolf’ Echinoidea * to which genus they should be referred. ‘lhe collection thus proved to be of considerable interest. Knowing, however, that Dr. de Meijere was about to treat some closely related forms in the ‘Siboga’ KEchinoidea, I thought it better to postpone examining the little collection till de Meijere’s work had appeared, and Professor Bell willingly agreed to my proposition, As that eminent work has now appeared, no further delay is needed.
Meantime I have likewise received for examination four specimens of Japanese Echinothurids from the Museum of
* The Danish ‘Ingolf’ Expedition, iv. 1, Echinoidea, i. (1903), Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xiv, 6
82 Dr. Th. Mortensen on some Echinothurids
Hamburg belonging to the new Ar@osoma-species and to Asthenosoma vjimai, two specimens of each. All these specimens, those from Hamburg as well as those from the British Museum, were taken by the same collector, Mr. Owsten, in the Sagami Sea at_a depth of 50 fathoms. Further, I foundamong a collection of Bchinids sent me for examination by Professor S. F. Harmer, of Cambridge, some specimens of a hitherto unknown species of Phormosoma. Having learnt from Professor Déderlein that this species is not represented among the collections of the ‘ Valdivia’ Expedition, I thonght it desirable to describe it also on this occasion. The specimens were taken (1892) by the ‘Investigator’ in the Bay of Bengal at a depth of 678 fathoms. With the permission of Prof. A. Alcock, Prof. R. Koehler (who will work ont the Echinids of the ‘ Investi- gator’), and Prof. 8. F. Harmer, the species is described here under the name of Phormosoma verticillatum, sp. n., the name indicating the most prominent feature of the species, viz. the curious verticillated primary abactinal spines.
The new species of Araosoma, which, according to the wish of Professor Bell, J name A. Owsten/, in honour of the collector, is especially. interesting on account of its primitive “‘tetradactyle” pedicellarie. As regards Mr. Yoshiwara’s two species, one (Asthenosoma ijimaz) proves really to belong to the genus Asthenosoma as limited by me in the ‘ Ingolt? Echinoidea, the other (Asthenosoma longispinum) to the genus Calveria, and it can even scarcely be doubted that it is identical with Calveria gracilis (Agass.).
1. Arwosoma Owsten?, sp. n. (PI. II. figs. 1,2; Pl. V. figs. 4-9, 11, 18-20.)
The test is rather flexible, of the usual low form; the edge is rounded, the actinal side flat. (By filling it with spirit through the anal opening under a moderate pressure the test assumes its natural form ; a specimen of 140 mm. diameter was thus found to be 65 mm. high.)
The apical area is rather small (24 mm. in the specimen of 140 mm. diameter), of the usual Echinothurid type, the genital and ocular plates being widely separated. The genital plates are rather elongate; the genital openings are large, covered by a distinct papilla; they are situated in the middle of the plate. The madreporic plate is distinctly larger than the other genital plates; the pores do not spread over the neighbouring plates. ‘The genital and ocular plates, as well as the numerous small anal “plates, are covered with spines. The inner anal plates not distinctly elongate,
entannnsiecutlll
from Japan and the Indian Ocean. 83
The interambulacral areas are twice as broad as the ambu- lacral. On the actinal side there is a rather regular series of large tubercles along the outer edge of the area and another more irregular series along the median part of the plates. A large intermediate tubercle is found on the plates near the ambitus, and on all the plates except a few of the adoral ones there are some medium-sized tubercles, forming an indistinct horizontal row on each plate. Several small tubercles are placed between the larger ones; they may be arranged along the inner and outer edge of the plates, but mostly they are irregularly distributed. The scrobicular areas are rather deep, provided along the edge with a circle of smalf depressions, a feature not known to me in any other Echino- thurid. The membranous interstices (the sutures) between the plates are rather large; they can be seen only when the epidermis has been removed; they are directed a little adorally at the inner and outer end (Pl. II. fig. 1). The extension of the lapping of the plates is visible only from the inside of the test, so that, not having opened any of the specimens, I.cannot give any particulars. On the abactinal side the tubercles are few, smaller, and quite irregularly placed. The sutures between the plates rise obliquely from the median line of the area.
In the ambulacra] areas there is, on the actinal side, a large tubercle on the inner half of the large component, but only on every second plate, or even more distant; these tubercles do not form a very regular longitudinal series. Some smaller tubercles are placed irregularly on the ambulacral plates, at the inner edge or in the outer part, between the pores. The edges of the plates irregular, the plates widening where the large tubercles are placed. On the abactinal side the tubercles are very few and small, irregularly placed. The pores are very conspicuous, forming three rather distinct longitudinal series. ‘Towards the apical area they are more irregularly placed, forming sometimes ares of four, and it can scarcely be doubted that some of these plates have really four pairs of pores—a fact of no small interest, indicating that also in the family Echinothuride multigeminate pores may occur (comp. Lelanechinus).
The plates of the actinostome do not present peculiar features.
The primary spines of the abactinal side are evidently rather variable in length; in one of the specimens from Hamburg they are more than 25 mm. long (I have seen none unbroken), in the specimen figured they are more slender and have evidently been shorter; they are smooth and
G*
84 Dr. Th. Mortensen on some Echinothurids
straight. The secondary spines are provided with a poison- gland at the point. The primary actinal spines are rather short and robust, curved and thorny, ending in a rather large white hoof; those on the actinostome are flattened at the point, without hoof, otherwise thorny as the primary actinal spines. The secondary spines of the actinal side are likewise thorny, but quite small; smooth ones are also found, those near the ambitus provided with a poison-gland at the point. Transverse sections show the primary actinal spines to be almost compact; the abactinal ones are hollow as usual.
The pedicellariz are of three kinds, viz. “ tetradactyle,” tridentate, and triphyllous. The tetradactyle pedicellariz (Pl. V. figs. 4-6), which occur only on the actinal side, are very interesting, being evidently of a rather primitive form. They are three-valved, asisalso the case in A. tessed- latum (de Meijere, ‘Siboga’ Echinoidea, p. 35) ; but whereas in the latter species the valves are of the same beautiful highly finished structure as in those of A. fenestratum and cortaceum, they are here quite irregular, mostly unsymmetri- cally developed ; even the stalk-shaped lower part of the blade is irregularly constructed, At the base of the valves are three rather large glands placed between the valves; they open through a pore at their-uj perend. The head of these pedicel- Jari is a little more than 1 mm, long, the whole length of the pedicellaria being c.3 mm. ‘They do not seem to occur in one of the specimens from the Hamburg Museum; on the other hand, the tridentate pedicellariz are very numerous in that specimen.
The tridentate pedicellaria (PI. V. figs. 8, 9, 18-20) are of one kind only, all intermediate forms uniting the rather different-looking extreme forms; the large form of triden- tate pedicellarize found in other species of Ara@osoma is not represented in this species. ‘They are rather variable in size, the largest reaching c. 25 mm. (head), In the smaller ones the valves join in their whole length; the edge is strongly sinuate and extremely finely serrate. There is a distinct longitudinal toothed keel in the blade, in continuation of the apophysis, and a meshwork fills out the bottom at the sides of it (PI. V. figs. 18,19). In quite small ones the edge is almost straight or with a few indistinct sinuations in the lower part, and the keel is short or wanting. In the larger ones (PI. V. figs. 8, 20) the valves do not join in their whole length, but are separate for about the lower third part ; the keel is indistinct. The neck is short, the stalk of the usual irregular structure.
The triphyllous pedicellaria (Pl. V. fig. 7) are elongate,
from Japan and the Indian Ocean. 85
narrow, generally with a series of holes in the median line of the cover-plate.
Spheeridiz are found on both sides, wanting only on the two or three plates nearest to the apical area. They do not present peculiar features.
The spicules (Pl. V. fig. 11) of the actinal tube-feet are rather large, irregular, thorny, fenestrated plates, arranged in four longitudinal series. ‘The sucking-disk is well developed. The abactinal tube-feet are large and prominent, with neither sucking-disk nor spicules.
The test is of a faint flesh-colour (“‘incarnatus”) *, in two- of the specimens rather pale. ‘The spines of the abactinal side are greenish, those of the actinal side whitish ; they are not ringed.
In my work on the ‘Ingolf’? Echinoidea I stated + that the tetradactylous pedicellariz must probably be derived from the tridentate ones; de Meijere (‘ Siboga’ Hchinoidea, p. 35) thinks it more probable that they are derived from the ophicephalous form. It does not seem to me very probable that they be developed from either of these forms. There is, indeed, nothing in the structure of the tetradactylous pedi- cellarize which points in either direction, and I do not see why they cannot represent a special form of pedicellaria, developed independently of the other forms. By their glands (such are evidently also found in the most developed forms, those of A. fenestratum and coriaceum) they remind us of the globiferous pedicellariz in other regular Mchinids, and they must certainly be regarded as analogous, if not homolo- gous, with the globiferous pedicellaria. The form of pedi- cellaria in Hapalosoma described by me in the ‘ Ingolf’ Kchinoidea (p. 55) as a primitive globiferous pedicellaria, not seeing its relation to the tetradacty!lous pedicellaria, cannot, of course, any longer be regarded as a primitive form, now that the three-valved ‘ tetradactylous” pedicellarie of A. tessellatum and A, Owstent have been made known. As rightly pointed out by de Meijere, it must be regarded as a case of extreme development, in which the valves have become rudimentary and the glands excessively developed.
The form of these curious tetradactylous pedicellariz shows such gradual changes that it seems reasonable to regard A. Owsteni as the most primitive of the species of Ar@osoma ; the fact that the largest form of tridentate pedicellaria is
* Saccardo, ‘Chromotaxia,’ ii. ed. (1894). + According to de Meijere. I am unable to find the place where the
statement occurs, but I dare not deny that I really made it.
86 Dr. Th. Mortensen on some Echinothurids
wanting in this species is in accordance therewith. A more advanced stage is shown by A. tessellatum, whereas the exquisite form of tetradactylous pedicellarize found in A. fenes- tratum and cortaceum assigns to these species the highest place in this series of species. The “ tetradactylous”’ pedi- cellariz of Hapalosoma show this genus to be derived from a form with three-valved “ tetradactylous” pedicellarie, like A. Owsteni, The relations of these forms may be graphi- cally shown thus :—
Al. fenestratum. A, coriaceum, x ‘ \ / Hapalosoma pellucidum. te ; / / A, tessellatum. 4 | | | Y Ze a oat Ai Hes uae
A, Owstent.
De Meijere (‘Siboga’ Echinoidea, p. 36) finds in two of his specimens of A. tessellatum the small form of tridentate pedicellariz identical with those found by me (‘ Ingolf’ Echinoidea, p. 52, pl. xiv. fig. 20) in the specimen from ‘Challenger’? St. 219 referred by Agassiz to Calveria (“ Asthenosoma”) gracilis; in the other specimens they are hike those of the type specimen (‘Ingolf? Ech. pl. xiv. fig. 15): “Es fragt sich da ob dasselbe nicht mit dem ervadhnten Exemplar der St. 219 identisch wire”; he suggests that this specimen is only a badly preserved specimen of A. tessellatum. ‘Through the kindness of Professor F, Jeffrey Bell the specimen in question was sent to Copen- hagen, so that I have been able to examine it closely, and can give figures of it (Pl. 1V. figs. 3, 4). It is a young specimen (30 mm. diameter), without genital openings, not very badly preserved, the structure of the test being even excellently seen ; but of pedicellarize no more can be found than what I have already made known in my ‘ Ingolf’ work; the spines are all broken. The actinal side is like the inner part of the actinal side of the type specimen of A, tessellatum, as figured in ‘Challenger’? Ech. (pl. xix.a. fig. 1), with a primary tubercle at the outer end of each interambulacral
-
from Japan and the Indian Ocean. 87
plate and only small tubercles on the rest of the plate. The ambulacral plates carry no large tubereles. The abactinal side differs rather strikingly from that of the type (Chall. Keh. pl. xix. b. fig. 2), there ‘being a distinct primary tubercle on every second interambulacral pk ate, forming a conspicuous regular vertical series. The membranous interstices between the plates are distinct; the plates are not obliquely directed, as in the type, but quite regularly horizontal. The same holds good for the ambulacral plates, which have only a few larger tubercles. The pores are arranged as in the type specimen of ¢esse/latum. ‘The differences in the test, together with that in the pedicellaria, wonld not seem to justify de Meijere*s view that it is a young A, tessellatum.
owever, as [ have no material of this species, I do not venture to pronounce a definite opinion, but shall be content with giving the above particulars of the specimen in question.
2. eee qimat, Yoshiwara. (PI. III. figs. 1,2; Pl. V. tigs. 1-3, 10, 12-14.)
Asthenosoma wimat, Yoshiwara, 1897, “On Two new Species of
Asthenosoma from the Sea of Sagami,” Annotationes Zool. Japon. 1, p. 8, ph. ii, figs. 8-12.
Lhe four specimens before me agree very well with the description given by Yoshiwara. [Figures are here given of the species from photographs, the figures given by Yoshiwara being rather unsatisfactory. Otlierwise I need not add any thing to the description of the structure of the test, except of the “madreporic plate. According to ghee it is “‘ divided into four separate pieces of unequal size, the largest occupying the normal position,” a feature which he thinks is merely an individual abnormality. It cannot properly be
said that the madreporic plate is divided; it is the madreporic pores which have spread over the neighbouring plates, a feature known also in A. varium (Doderlein and de Loriol), and upon the whole not very seldom occurring among Nehinids, It is seen in all the four specimens, and must thus certainly be regarded as a normal feature.
Of the pedicellariz, Yoshiwara only says he has found two kinds, one large and long-headed, the other small, long- stemmed, and trifid”; no figures are given. As in the other species of Asthenosoma, only tridentate and triphyllous pedi- cellariazs occur, Of the trideutate ones I find only two forms, corresponding to the larger and smaller form of the other species of this genus (comp. ‘Ingolt’? Kchinoidea, p. 49). In
the larger form Ce Vs figs: 2, 12) (head up-to 2°2 mm.)
88 Dr, Th. Mortensen on some Echinodeais
the valves are apart, though not so widely as in A. vartum and Grubed (in A. urens and heteractis* this form of pedicel- Jaria is not known), joining only at the point. The edge of the outer part is a little sinuate, thus faintly indicating the large sinuations found here in the other species (comp. ‘ Ingolf’? Ech, pl. xiv. fig. 7) ; in the pedicellariz from the actinal side, however, tle sinuations are more developed, but only the outer one on each side, two deep sinuations being never found as in the other species. ‘These pedicellariz thus afford a very distinct character for this species. The blade is filled with a coarse meshwork ; tlie edge is irregularly serrate, also along the unusually thick basal part; the neck is short. Those found on the abactinal side are green-coloured.
The second form of tridentate pedicellariz (PI. V. figs. 1, 13, 14) is more richly developed than in the other species, perhaps on account of the absence of one form; they occur in very different sizes, the larger ones reaching the same size as the first form. ‘The valves are long and narrow, joining in their whole length. The blade is provided with a toothed median keel, and otherwise, especially in the larger pedicel- Jarie, filled with a coarse meshwork. In quite small ones there is only little meshwork. The edge is finely serrate, straight in the small specimens, with some sinuations in the outer part in the larger ones. ‘These pedicellaria occur on both sides of the test, those on the abactinal side generally larger and green, like the other form of tridentate pedicellaria. The neck is well developed.
The triphyllous pedicellarie (Pl. V. fig. 8) have a long open slit in the cover-plate, as in the other species of the genus, but